<i>Lynnia</i><i>grapsolytica</i> n. gen, n. sp. (Ciliophora: Apostomatida: Colliniidae), a Deadly Blood Parasite of Crabs with a Novel Pseudocytopharynx

Metz, Daniel C G; Hechinger, Ryan F.

doi:10.1111/jeu.12847

Cited by 6 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 44 publications

(104 reference statements)

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“…This apostomatid ciliate infects the host hemocoel and gills in extremely high abundance and may significantly reduce the viability of its host (our unpublished data). Moreover, apostomatid ciliates are well‐known pathogens of crustaceans that can substantially increase the mortality rate of infected individuals (e.g., Gómez‐Gutiérrez et al, 2012; Metz & Hechinger, 2021).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Symbiotic species diversity can explain invasion success and host–parasite system stability: The case of gammarid hosts

Sarabeev,

Balbuena,

Oros

et al. 2024

Ecosphere

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A major current challenge related to invasions is the absence of a comprehensive theoretical basis for preventing the introduction of alien species and controlling their populations. By using a macroecological framework, we aim to examine patterns of symbiotic species diversity across native and invasive hosts to understand the mechanisms underlying the host–parasite system stability. The symbiotic communities of seven gammarid species, two native and five invasive, were analyzed at 16 fresh and brackish water sites along the Baltic coast of Poland. We investigated the influence of four factors—locality, habitat, host species, and host origin—on diversity patterns and assessed their relative contribution to diversity variation. Our results indicate that all factors are crucial in determining the composition and abundance of symbiotic communities in gammarids. Among these factors, locality and host species apparently have a greater influence on symbiotic communities than habitat conditions and host origin. Comparative analysis of diversity indexes of symbiotic organisms from native and invasive hosts showed that the richer communities of native gammarids were paradoxically less diverse. We assume that these rich and uneven symbiotic communities keep the host–parasite system of native gammarids in equilibrium. Highly dominant symbiotic species with a high load per host individual may stabilize the growth of the host population. Symbiotic communities of the invasive host exhibited lower species richness but displayed a relatively even distribution of species with moderate loads per individual, resulting in a scarcity of heavily infected gammarids within the population. Thus, the survival rate of invasive gammarids is expected to be relatively high, facilitating their population growth and further spread. We conclude that complex communities of native gammarids constructed from many symbiotic species may prevent host populations from undergoing explosive growth, while such mechanisms may be completely or partially reduced in invasive hosts.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…substantially increase the mortality rate of infected individuals (e.g., G omez-Gutiérrez et al, 2012;Metz & Hechinger, 2021).…”

Section: Hypotheses Evaluationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Symbiotic species diversity can explain invasion success and host–parasite system stability: The case of gammarid hosts

Sarabeev,

Balbuena,

Oros

et al. 2024

Ecosphere

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“…Moreover, apostomatid ciliates are well known pathogens of crustaceans that can substantially increase the mortality rate of infected individuals (e.g. Gómez-Gutiérrez et al, 2012;Metz and Hechinger, 2021).…”

Section: Hypotheses Evaluationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Symbiotic species diversity can explain invasion success and stability of the host-parasite system: the case of native and invasive gammarids (Crustacea, Amphipoda)

Sarabeev

Balbuena

Oros

et al. 2023

Preprint

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The major current challenge related to alien species is the absence of a comprehensive theoretical basis to explain the resistance from bioinvasions. One of the factors conferring resistance to invasion is the native species diversity of a recipient ecosystem. We aim to examine patterns of species diversity to understand the mechanisms underlying host-parasite relationships in alien species. The dataset represents 20 host-locality samples, including over 15,067,600 symbiotic organisms counted from 612 host individuals belonging to 7 gammarid species, two native and five invasive, sampled at 16 localities in the Baltic region of Poland. We asked whether diversity patterns depended on locality, habitat and host species, and which factors are deterministic in the variation of diversity. Our results suggest that both locality and host phylogeny are critical factors in determining the composition and abundance of symbiotic communities in gammarids. Out of these two factors, locality appears to be more determinant of the symbiotic community of gammarids than host species, whereas habitat condition was a stronger determinant of the symbiotic communities than geographic distance. The rich and uneven symbiotic communities of native gammarids keep the host-parasite system in equilibrium. Sharply dominated symbiotic species with a high load per host individual stabilize the host population. Simplified symbiotic communities of the invasive hosts showed a relatively even distribution of species with moderate loads per individual, with heavily infected gammarids being rare in the population. The survival rate of invasive gammarids is expected to be relatively high, facilitating their population growth and further spread. Complex communities of the native gammarids constructed from many symbiotic species may prevent host populations from undergoing explosive growth, while such mechanisms may be completely or partially reduced in invasive hosts.

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“…The closest reference sequences for the remaining three groups B, C, and D were, respectively, a parasitic Gymnodinioides sp. ciliate isolated from a gammarid amphipod at 98.67-99.11% sequence identity (Clamp et al 2008), a Lynnia grapsolytica isolated from a striped shore crab (Pachygrapsus crassipes) at 96.89-97.33% identity (Metz and Hechinger 2021), and a Hyalophysa Iwoffi isolated from a glass shrimp (Palaemonetes paludosus) at 98.67% identity (Clamp et al 2008). These last mentioned reference sequences did not however consistently cluster with the respective ciliate groups in phylogenetic trees (Fig.…”

Section: Ciliatesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Parasite–copepod interactions in Svalbard: diversity, host specificity, and seasonal patterns

et al. 2022

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Copepods of the genera Calanus and Pseudocalanus are important components of Arctic marine ecosystems. Despite the key roles of these zooplankters, little is known about the organisms they interact with most intimately, their parasites and symbionts. We applied metabarcode sequencing to uncover eukaryotic parasites present within these two copepod genera from three areas around the high Arctic archipelago of Svalbard. Ten distinct parasite groups were observed: four different Apostome ciliates, four different dinoflagellates (Chytriodinium sp., Ellobiopsis sp., Thalassomyces sp., and Hematodinium sp.), a Paradinium sp., and a trematode. Apostome ciliates closely related to Pseudocollinia spp. were the most commonly observed parasite, with overall infection rates of 21.5% in Calanus and 12.5% in Pseudocalanus. Infection by these ciliates varied seasonally, with no infections observed in early winter, but infection rates exceeding 75% in spring. Host specificity varied between parasites, with significant differences in infection rate between the two host copepod genera for four parasites (two ciliates, Chytriodinium, and a trematode). The diverse assemblage of parasites observed in these copepods, and the frequency of infection, with over one in five copepod individuals infected, suggest parasites may be playing a greater role in Arctic plankton communities than generally acknowledged.

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Lynniagrapsolytica n. gen, n. sp. (Ciliophora: Apostomatida: Colliniidae), a Deadly Blood Parasite of Crabs with a Novel Pseudocytopharynx

Cited by 6 publications

References 44 publications

Symbiotic species diversity can explain invasion success and host–parasite system stability: The case of gammarid hosts

Symbiotic species diversity can explain invasion success and host–parasite system stability: The case of gammarid hosts

Symbiotic species diversity can explain invasion success and stability of the host-parasite system: the case of native and invasive gammarids (Crustacea, Amphipoda)

Parasite–copepod interactions in Svalbard: diversity, host specificity, and seasonal patterns

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