Searching for host immune-microbiome mechanisms in obsessive-compulsive disorder: A narrative literature review and future directions

Troyer, Emily A.; Kohn, Jaden R.; Ecklu-Mensah, Gertrude; Aleti, Gajender; Rosenberg, David; Hong, Suzi

doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2021.02.034

Cited by 8 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 251 publications

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“…The exact causes of OCD still remain unclear, but in recent years research has suggested that immune-mediated mechanisms may be important in at least some cases of OCD [ 155 - 159 ]. In human studies, gut microbiome deviations from normal have been characterized in OCD but also in pediatric autoimmune neuropsychiatric disorders associated with streptococcal infections (PANDAS, a pediatric syndrome in which there is a temporal association between streptococcal infection and acute onset of neuropsychiatric symptoms which include obsessions and compulsions as well as a constellation of cognitive, behavioural, and neurological disturbances [ 160 - 162 ]).…”

Section: Obsessive-compulsive Disorder (Ocd)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In human studies, gut microbiome deviations from normal have been characterized in OCD but also in pediatric autoimmune neuropsychiatric disorders associated with streptococcal infections (PANDAS, a pediatric syndrome in which there is a temporal association between streptococcal infection and acute onset of neuropsychiatric symptoms which include obsessions and compulsions as well as a constellation of cognitive, behavioural, and neurological disturbances [ 160 - 162 ]). In their narrative review on potential immune-microbiome mechanisms in OCD, Troyer et al [ 155 ] note that early environmental risk factors for OCD have an overlap with crucial periods related to immune-microbiome development and propose that OCD could be related to the gut microbiome in the following ways: programming of cytokine production, increased trafficking of peripheral immune cells to the CNS and regulation of functioning of microglia. This review also provided comprehensive tables on animal and human studies relating the gut microbiome to OCD-like symptoms; early environmental exposures conferring risk for OCD and also affecting immune-microbiome development; various immune parameters associated with OCD and with changes in the gut microbiota composition in animals or humans; and animal models with potential translation to clinical studies on the immune system and the gut microbiome in OCD [ 155 ].…”

Section: Obsessive-compulsive Disorder (Ocd)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In their narrative review on potential immune-microbiome mechanisms in OCD, Troyer et al [ 155 ] note that early environmental risk factors for OCD have an overlap with crucial periods related to immune-microbiome development and propose that OCD could be related to the gut microbiome in the following ways: programming of cytokine production, increased trafficking of peripheral immune cells to the CNS and regulation of functioning of microglia. This review also provided comprehensive tables on animal and human studies relating the gut microbiome to OCD-like symptoms; early environmental exposures conferring risk for OCD and also affecting immune-microbiome development; various immune parameters associated with OCD and with changes in the gut microbiota composition in animals or humans; and animal models with potential translation to clinical studies on the immune system and the gut microbiome in OCD [ 155 ].…”

Section: Obsessive-compulsive Disorder (Ocd)mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

The Gut-Brain Axis and the Microbiome in Anxiety Disorders, Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder and Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder

MacKay

Yang

Dursun

et al. 2024

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A large body of research supports the role of stress in several psychiatric disorders in which anxiety is a prominent symptom. Other research has indicated that the gut microbiome-immune system brain axis is involved in a large number of disorders and that this axis is affected by various stressors. The focus of the current review is on the following stress-related disorders: generalized anxiety disorder, panic disorder, social anxiety disorder, post-traumatic stress disorder and obsessive-compulsive disorder. Descriptions of systems interacting in the gut-brain axis, microbiome-derived molecules and of pro- and prebiotics are given. Preclinical and clinical studies on the relationship of the gut microbiome to the psychiatric disorders mentioned above are reviewed. Many studies support the role of the gut microbiome in the production of symptoms in these disorders and suggest the potential for pro- and prebiotics for their treatment, but there are also contradictory findings and concerns about the limitations of some of the research that has been done. Matters to be considered in future research include longer-term studies with factors such as sex of the subjects, drug use, comorbidity, ethnicity/race, environmental effects, diet, and exercise taken into account; appropriate compositions of pro- and prebiotics; the translatability of studies on animal models to clinical situations; and the effects on the gut microbiome of drugs currently used to treat these disorders. Despite these challenges, this is a very active area of research that holds promise for more effective, precision treatment of these stress.

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Section: Obsessive-compulsive Disorder (Ocd)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Obsessive-compulsive Disorder (Ocd)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Obsessive-compulsive Disorder (Ocd)mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

The Gut-Brain Axis and the Microbiome in Anxiety Disorders, Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder and Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder

MacKay

Yang

Dursun

et al. 2024

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…While there is a wealth of research associating the gut microbiome with other neuropsychiatric disorders that may involve OCD-like behaviors, such as autism and ADHD, studies exploring the gut microbiome in OCD specifically remain scarce [132][133][134]. Nevertheless, the potential role of the gut-brain axis in the pathophysiology of OCD has been highlighted by several studies, suggesting that alterations in gut microbiota composition may impact brain function and behavior, including obsessive-compulsive symptoms.…”

Section: Dysbiosis In Ocdmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microbial Reprogramming in Obsessive–Compulsive Disorders: A Review of Gut–Brain Communication and Emerging Evidence

Bendriss

MacDonald

McVeigh

2023

IJMS

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Obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD) is a debilitating mental health disorder characterized by intrusive thoughts (obsessions) and repetitive behaviors (compulsions). Dysbiosis, an imbalance in the gut microbial composition, has been associated with various health conditions, including mental health disorders, autism, and inflammatory diseases. While the exact mechanisms underlying OCD remain unclear, this review presents a growing body of evidence suggesting a potential link between dysbiosis and the multifaceted etiology of OCD, interacting with genetic, neurobiological, immunological, and environmental factors. This review highlights the emerging evidence implicating the gut microbiota in the pathophysiology of OCD and its potential as a target for novel therapeutic approaches. We propose a model that positions dysbiosis as the central unifying element in the neurochemical, immunological, genetic, and environmental factors leading to OCD. The potential and challenges of microbial reprogramming strategies, such as probiotics and fecal transplants in OCD therapeutics, are discussed. This review raises awareness of the importance of adopting a holistic approach that considers the interplay between the gut and the brain to develop interventions that account for the multifaceted nature of OCD and contribute to the advancement of more personalized approaches.

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Microbiota-brain axis: Exploring the role of gut microbiota in psychiatric disorders - A comprehensive review

Singh,

Vanlallawmzuali,

Singh

et al. 2024

Asian Journal of Psychiatry

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Searching for host immune-microbiome mechanisms in obsessive-compulsive disorder: A narrative literature review and future directions

Cited by 8 publications

References 251 publications

The Gut-Brain Axis and the Microbiome in Anxiety Disorders, Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder and Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder

The Gut-Brain Axis and the Microbiome in Anxiety Disorders, Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder and Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder

Microbial Reprogramming in Obsessive–Compulsive Disorders: A Review of Gut–Brain Communication and Emerging Evidence

Microbiota-brain axis: Exploring the role of gut microbiota in psychiatric disorders - A comprehensive review

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