Correction to: Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and lifetime cannabis use: genetic overlap and causality

Artigas, María Soler; Sánchez-Mora, Cristina; Rovira, Paula; Richarte, Vanesa; Garcia-Martínez, Iris; Pagerols, Mireia; Demontis, Ditte; Stringer, Sven; Vink, Jacqueline M.; Børglum, Anders; Neale, Benjamin M.; Franke, Barbara; Faraone, Stephen V.; Casas, Miguel; Ramos‐Quiroga, Josep Antoni; Ribasés, Marta

doi:10.1038/s41380-021-01049-6

Cited by 4 publications

(6 citation statements)

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“…Results from the present study converged with these findings by revealing significant correlations between all symptoms of adult and childhood ADHD and frequency of cannabis use as well as symptoms of CUD. Moreover, the present results extend upon the prior literature indicating that people with ADHD may be using cannabis to self-medicate (Charach et al, 2011; Mitchell et al, 2016; Soler Artigas et al, 2021; Swanson et al, 2017), by demonstrating that people classified with ADHD report that cannabis has beneficial effects on many of their symptoms and that it helps with many of their medication side effects. Further, our results indicate that increased frequency of cannabis use may help mitigate ADHD-related executive dysfunction.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 83%

“…Further, studies have found that symptoms of ADHD are related to problematic cannabis use including, cannabis dependence (Elkins et al, 2007), cravings (Bidwell et al, 2014), and cannabis use disorder (CUD) (Charach et al, 2011; Notzon et al, 2020). While these findings could be interpreted to indicate that cannabis use increases the risk of developing ADHD, results of two meta-analyses of longitudinal studies converged on the conclusion that ADHD is associated with future cannabis use and CUD (Charach et al, 2011; Soler Artigas et al, 2021), suggesting that ADHD is a risk factor for cannabis use.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Self-Reported Effects of Cannabis on ADHD Symptoms, ADHD Medication Side Effects, and ADHD-Related Executive Dysfunction

Stueber

Cuttler

2021

J Atten Disord

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Objective: People with ADHD are more likely to use cannabis but little is known about the effects of cannabis on ADHD symptoms, ADHD medication side effects, or ADHD-related executive dysfunction. Method: Students ( n = 1,738) completed an online survey containing measures of ADHD symptoms, cannabis use, perceived effects of cannabis on ADHD symptoms and medication side effects, as well as executive dysfunction. Results: Participants with ADHD who have used cannabis reported that cannabis has acute beneficial effects on many symptoms of ADHD (e.g., hyperactivity, impulsivity). Further, they perceived cannabis to improve most of their medication side effects (e.g., irritability, anxiety). Finally, cannabis use frequency was a significant moderator of the associations between symptom severity and executive dysfunction. Conclusion: Results suggest people with ADHD may be using cannabis to self-medicate for many of their symptoms and medication side effects and that more frequent use may mitigate ADHD-related executive dysfunction.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 83%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Self-Reported Effects of Cannabis on ADHD Symptoms, ADHD Medication Side Effects, and ADHD-Related Executive Dysfunction

Stueber

Cuttler

2021

J Atten Disord

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“…Many of the effects have similar characteristics to attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), including inattention, forgetfulness, hyperactivity, and deficits in executive cognitive functioning [6,7]. ADHD affects 5% of children, and 2.5% of adults worldwide [8]. ADHD is treated in the U.S. with amphetamines which increase both dopamine and norepinephrine at the synapse [9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Numerous reports have determined that ADHD is linked to an increased risk of substance use disorder (SUD) [8,11,12]. Cannabis is the most commonly used illicit drug among those with ADHD [8]. Further, ADHD can be associated with an increased lifetime use of cannabis use specifically [8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Medical Marijuana Had No Impact on Amphetamine Prescribing in Medicaid

Williams,

Camara,

Goldhirsh

et al. 2024

Preprint

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Due to the uncertainty of the health effects medical marijuana poses, states differ in their medical marijuana laws (MML). Long-term effects of marijuana are found to be like attention-deficit-hyperactive disorder (ADHD). With amphetamines being prescribed to treat ADHD symptoms we hypothesized that amphetamine prescriptions would increase in states implementing MML. The number of amphetamine prescriptions filled quarterly for each state from 2006 to 2021 were calcu-lated. States with MML and dispensaries opened before 2020 were examined and states with no MML laws were the control. Prism was utilized to visualize the data and conduct four t-tests be-tween the pre and post of MML+ versus MML- states. Three MML+ states were excluded due to limited post-MML data. Among the remaining states, 31 were MML+ and 17 were MML-. No significant differences were found in amphetamine prescribing (p > 0.30). Medical marijuana legalization did not have a statistically significant impact on amphetamine prescribing in Medicaid patients during the analyzed period. Contrary to the hypothesis, the results revealed a non-significant de-crease in prescriptions in MML+ states. Further research with recreational cannabis laws or with electronic health records is warranted. Keywords: Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder; cannabis; stimulant

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Preference for Immediate Rewards in Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder and Substance Use Disorder: A Shared Intermediate Phenotype?

Scheres,

Balan,

Paraskevopoulou

et al. 2024

Curr Addict Rep

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Purpose of Review This brief review explores to what extent ADHD and SUD are both associated with reward-related impulsivity, operationalized as steep delay discounting (DD). However, an integrated view on DD as a potentially shared intermediate phenotype for these frequently co-occurring conditions is lacking. Recent Findings Though mostly studied in separate conditions, some studies have investigated DD specifically in patients with co-occurring conditions of SUD and ADHD. In addition to reviewing literature that has documented the associations between ADHD and relatively steep DD and between SUD and relatively steep DD, we also reviewed more recent literature in which steep DD has been examined as a transdiagnostic mechanism. Summary Overall, literature on DD in SUD suggests a dose-response relation between SUD severity and DD. The literature suggests that relatively steep DD is a mechanism associated to (ab)use of a range of substances. As for the link between DD and ADHD, several meta-analyses reported steeper DD in individuals with ADHD than controls (medium effect sizes). Because these bodies of literature are based on studies in which the influence of comorbidity was not assessed, it is hard to conclude that relatively steep DD is directly related to the ADHD symptoms per se, or to the SUD per se. Therefore, a close inspection of more recent literature in which comorbidity was taken into account, and DD was treated as a transdiagnostic mechanism, was included here. Based on this reviewed recent work, we propose a model about the nature of the co-occurrence of ADHD, SUD, and DD. Implications of the nature of co-occurring ADHD, SUD, and relatively steep DD for prevention and intervention strategies are discussed.

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Correction to: Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and lifetime cannabis use: genetic overlap and causality

Cited by 4 publications

References 0 publications

Self-Reported Effects of Cannabis on ADHD Symptoms, ADHD Medication Side Effects, and ADHD-Related Executive Dysfunction

Self-Reported Effects of Cannabis on ADHD Symptoms, ADHD Medication Side Effects, and ADHD-Related Executive Dysfunction

Medical Marijuana Had No Impact on Amphetamine Prescribing in Medicaid

Preference for Immediate Rewards in Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder and Substance Use Disorder: A Shared Intermediate Phenotype?

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