Low temperatures induce physiological changes in lipids, fatty acids and hydrocarbons, in two rare winter scorpions of genus Urophonius (Scorpiones, Bothriuridae)

Garcı́a, Carlos; Oviedo-Diego, Mariela; Laino, Aldana; Peterson, Graciela; Mattoni, Camilo I.; Peretti, Alfredo V.; Ojanguren‐Affilastro, Andrés A.

doi:10.1016/j.jtherbio.2021.102841

Cited by 6 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 121 publications

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“…Scorpions have a well‐developed chemoreception, associated with chemosensory sensilla in particular abundance on the cuticular surface of pectins (Gaffin et al, 1992; Gaffin & Brownell, 1992) and the pedipalps (Fet et al, 2006). Moreover, a hypothesis was recently proposed that epicuticular hydrocarbons could act as chemical mediators in the reproduction of this species (Garcia et al, 2021), imparting even more relevance to the chemoreceptor capability of these arachnids, which could contribute to the recognition of toxic surfaces followed by the movement to other non‐contaminated areas. Cleaning of the comb, chelicerae and pedipalps of the scorpion T. stigmurus after contact with a surface treated with a pyrethroid suggests recognition of the insecticide (dos Santos & de Albuquerque, 2020).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

First biochemical and behavioural analysis of the response of the scorpion Urophonius brachycentrus (Thorell: 1876) upon exposure to an organophosphate

Garcia,

Ojanguren,

Seoane

et al. 2024

Medical Vet Entomology

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Scorpionism is an increasing public health problem in the world. Although no specific methodology or product is currently available for the control of those arachnids, the use of insecticides could be an effective tool. Chlorpyrifos is one of the insecticides used, but to date, whether scorpions recognise surfaces with that insecticide and how it affects their physiology and/or biochemistry is unknown. In the present study, we observed that scorpions recognise surfaces with 0.51 and 8.59 μg/cm2 of chlorpyrifos and avoid those areas. The 0.51 μg/cm2 concentration produced a decrease in acetylcholinesterase and an increase in catalase, superoxide dismutase and glutathione S‐transferase, whereas the 8.59 μg/cm2 concentration evoked a decrease in acetylcholinesterase and an increase in catalase and glutathione S‐transferase. Using the comet assay, we observed that the insecticide at 0.17, 0.51 and 8.59 μg/cm2 caused DNA damage. Finally, we found that the insecticide does not generate significant variations in glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase, the amount of protein or lipid peroxidation. The present results offer a comprehensive understanding of how scorpions respond, both at the biochemical and behavioural levels, when exposed to insecticides.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

First biochemical and behavioural analysis of the response of the scorpion Urophonius brachycentrus (Thorell: 1876) upon exposure to an organophosphate

Garcia,

Ojanguren,

Seoane

et al. 2024

Medical Vet Entomology

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“…Long-term cold acclimation usually suppresses the antioxidant defense system [30], slowing metabolism and delaying immunity [31]. Such acclimation generates higher quantities of triacylglycerols and fewer amounts of structural lipids and sphingomyelin, and the quantities of saturated and unsaturated fatty acids are altered [32]. Cold acclimation improves the efficiency of muscle oxidative phosphorylation and decreases proton leak and shivering intensity [33].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Role of lncRNAs in Pig Muscle in Response to Cold Exposure

Zhang,

Wang,

Wang

et al. 2023

Genes

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Cold exposure is an essential factor affecting breeding efforts in cold regions. Muscle, as an important tissue for homeothermic animals, can produce heat through shivering thermogenesis (ST) and non-shivering thermogenesis (NST) under cold exposure. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) play important roles in regulating gene expression. However, the regulatory mechanisms of lncRNAs and their role in the thermogenesis of pigs are unclear. We examined lncRNAs in the skeletal muscle of an indigenous pig breed, the Enshi black pig, when the pigs were exposed to acute or chronic cold. Three pigs were maintained inside a pig house (control group), three pigs were maintained outside the pig house for 55 d (chronic cold group), and three pigs were suddenly exposed to the conditions outside the pig house for 3 days (acute cold group). After the experiment, the longissimus dorsi of each pig were collected, and their lncRNA profiles were sequenced and analyzed. Each sample obtained nearly 12.56 Gb of clean data. A total of 11,605 non-coding RNAs were obtained, including 10,802 novel lncRNAs. The number of differentially expressed lncRNAs (DElncRNAs) was identified under acute cold (427) and cold acclimation (376), with 215 and 192 upregulated lncRNAs, respectively. However, only 113 lncRNAs were commonly upregulated by acute cold and cold acclimation. In addition, 65% of the target genes were trans-regulated by DElncRNAs. The target genes were enriched in signal transduction, immune system, cell growth and death pathways, and amino acid and carbohydrate metabolism. Compared to cold acclimation, acute cold stress-induced more DElncRNAs and response pathways. In conclusion, low temperatures altered the expression levels of lncRNAs and their target genes in muscle tissue. Some potential mechanisms were revealed, including ion migration and the metabolism of amino acids and carbohydrates.

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“…Here, we explored the occurrence of RCD in two closely related scorpion species of the genus Urophonius Pocock, 1893 (U. brachycentrus and U. achalensis, Bothriuridae) (Ojanguren-A lastro et al, 2020) that have partially sympatric ranges with overlapping reproductive seasons and share the same habitat requirements and life-history traits (Maury, 1969;Acosta, 1985; Ojanguren-A lastro et al, 2020). These scorpions have winter habits and adaptations for this lifestyle, which is rather peculiar among scorpions (Ojanguren-A lastro et al, 2020; Garcia et al, 2021). These species do not possess speci c recognition through chemical signals, which, together with a promiscuous mating system with scramble competition, leads to an asymmetric RI scenario with heterospeci c mating (Oviedo-Diego et al, 2020, 2021.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mosaic Evolution of Grasping and Genital Traits in Two Sympatric Scorpion Species with Reproductive Interference

Oviedo-Diego,

Mattoni,

Bollatti

et al. 2024

Evol Biol

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Reproductive interference (RI) can occur when two related species coexist in sympatry, involving sexual attraction, mating, and even hybridization between heterospeci cs. Consequently, reproductive key characters of these species may suffer morphological shifts in sympatry to avoid the success of heterospeci c sexual interactions, a phenomenon known as reproductive character displacement (RCD). RCD can be promoted by natural selection, although sexual selection pressures can act synergistically or agonistically so that phenotypic variation can respond in different directions and magnitudes to these forces. In turn, the size and shape of characters may respond differentially (mosaic evolution) to these pressures, so the analysis of multiple dimensions in traits is essential to understand the complexity of their phenotypic variability. To date, there are no studies evaluating this topic in scorpions, and two species (Urophonius brachycentrus and U. achalensis) sympatric and synchronous with RI represent an ideal model to evaluate the phenotypic variation and occurrence of RCD. In addition, the populations of these species are found in an altitudinal cline, so environmental factors may also be responsible for explaining their morphological variation. We compared the intra-speci c variation, the size and shape of multiple characters involved in courtship, and sperm transfer in individuals from sympatric and allopatric populations using geometric morphometrics. We found asymmetric RCD of several sexual characters for courtship success (grasping structures) and sperm transfer (genital characters). This would evidence the action of natural selection pressures and the existence of a possible mechanism to avoid heterospeci c mating success. In addition, we found a pattern of asymmetric morphological variation where one species in the sympatric zone suffered an increase in size in several characters due to environmental factors (pattern of morphological convergence).The convergence of characters combined with RI and a scramble competition mating system could intensify sexual selection pressures on speci c characters, which was re ected in their high coe cients of variation. Our results suggest that in this sympatric zone, several selective regimes act differentially on various dimensions of the characters evaluated, which would support a possible mosaic evolution. This comprehensive study illuminates the complexity inherent in the evolution of multi-functional traits in a previously unexplored model, providing novel insights for evaluating traits under multiple selective pressures in animal systems experimenting RI.

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Low temperatures induce physiological changes in lipids, fatty acids and hydrocarbons, in two rare winter scorpions of genus Urophonius (Scorpiones, Bothriuridae)

Cited by 6 publications

References 121 publications

First biochemical and behavioural analysis of the response of the scorpion Urophonius brachycentrus (Thorell: 1876) upon exposure to an organophosphate

First biochemical and behavioural analysis of the response of the scorpion Urophonius brachycentrus (Thorell: 1876) upon exposure to an organophosphate

The Role of lncRNAs in Pig Muscle in Response to Cold Exposure

Mosaic Evolution of Grasping and Genital Traits in Two Sympatric Scorpion Species with Reproductive Interference

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