PM2.5-bound trace elements in a critically polluted industrial coal belt of India: seasonal patterns, source identification, and human health risk assessment

Mondal, Shilpi; Singh, Gurdeep

doi:10.1007/s11356-021-12876-z

Cited by 17 publications

(2 citation statements)

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“…, p sources, g ik represents factor loadings, and h kj represents factor scores. The abovestated equation has been solved using the Eigenvector decomposition method (Song et al, 2006;Mondal and Singh, 2021). Specific profiles of sources and their contributions are successively predicted quantitatively based on factor loading scores produced by PCA and using the APCS method (Henry and Hidy, 1979;Thurston and Spengler, 1985).…”

Section: Source Apportionment Of Pm 25 Concentrationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The contribution from this factor to PM 2.5 mass concentration was 26.4 and 19.7%, respectively, during summer and winter. Some previous Indian studies have reported a list of elements (Al, Ca, Co, Cr, Cu, K, Mg, Na, Ni, Pb, Si, Ti, and Zn) that are possibly emitted from crustal or soil sources (Shridhar et al, 2010;Sharma and Mandal, 2017;Mondal and Singh, 2021).…”

Section: Source Apportionment Of Pm 25 Concentrationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Characterization of PM2.5-bound trace elements, source apportionment, and assessment of associated human health risks during summer and winter in Greater Noida, the National Capital Region of India

Kumar

Yadav

Behera

2022

Front. Environ. Sci.

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To examine the trends of particulate matter with aerodynamic diameter ≤2.5 µm (PM2.5) and its elemental constituents during two distinct seasons at a site away from the city center of Delhi and the National Capital Region (Delhi-NCR) of India, this unique study aimed at the development of source-receptor-effect linkages. This research paper presents results of occurrence, long-range transport (LRT), source apportionment, and human health impact assessment of 24 PM2.5-bound trace elements (Al, Ba, Bi, Ca, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Ga, K, Li, Mg, Mn, Na, Ni, Pb, S, Se, Si, Te, Tl, Zn, and Zr). The concentration of PM2.5 during winter (296 ± 45 μg/m3) was significantly higher than in summer (114 ± 48 μg/m3) and exceeded 24 h Indian standard on most of the measurement days. The seasonal concentration ratios (winter/summer) of individual elements varied from 1.7 (Si) to 5.9 (Tl). The backward trajectory of air masses showed that transboundary transport of pollutants occurred in the downwind direction during winter, indicating that this remote site was affected by transported particulates and local activities. The principal component analysis–absolute principal component score (PCA-APCS) model confirmed five significant sources, vehicles (22.3%), soil/road dust (23.1%), coal combustion (20.9%), open burning (13.8%), and other industries (10.2%) responsible for particulate emission. The results from the multiple path particle dosimetry model (MPPD) showed higher deposition of particulates in the human respiratory system occurred during winter (44%) than in summer (40%). The elements with crustal sources of origin had a higher deposition fraction in the head region (0.27 for Si) compared to elements of anthropogenic sources (0.13 for Li). The excess lifetime carcinogenic risk (ELCR) under winter episodic events increased significantly at 128 × 10−6 compared to the summer non-episodic period at 41 × 10−6.

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