Synthesis and Characterization of Silver-Coated Polymeric Scaffolds for Bone Tissue Engineering: Antibacterial and In Vitro Evaluation of Cytotoxicity and Biocompatibility

Abstract

In bone tissue engineering, multifunctional composite materials are very challenging. Bone tissue engineering is an innovative technique to develop biocompatible scaffolds with suitable orthopedic applications with enhanced antibacterial and mechanical properties. This research introduces a polymeric nanocomposite scaffold based on arabinoxylan- co -acrylic acid, nano-hydroxyapatite (nHAp), nano-aluminum oxide (nAl 2 O 3 ), and graphene oxide (GO) by free-radical polymerization for the development of porous scaffolds using the freeze-drying technique. These polymeric nanocomposite scaffolds were coated with silver (Ag) nanoparticles to improve antibacterial activities. Together, nHAp, nAl 2 O 3 , and GO enhance the multifunctional properties of materials, which regulate their physicochemical and biomechanical properties. Results revealed that the Ag-coated polymeric nanocomposite scaffolds had excellent antibacterial properties and better microstructural properties. Regulated morphological properties and maximal antibacterial inhibition zones were found in the porous scaffolds with the increasing amount of GO. Moreover, the nanosystem and the polymeric matrix have improved the compressive strength (18.89 MPa) and Young’s modulus (198.61 MPa) of scaffolds upon increasing the amount of GO. The biological activities of the scaffolds were investigated against the mouse preosteoblast cell lines (MC3T3-E1) and increasing the quantities of GO helps cell adherence and proliferation. Therefore, our findings showed that these silver-coated polymeric nanocomposite scaffolds have the potential for engineering bone tissue.

Chitosan/Poly Vinyl Alcohol/Graphene Oxide Based pH-Responsive Composite Hydrogel Films: Drug Release, Anti-Microbial and Cell Viability Studies

“…Due to these functional classes, GO is amphiphilic with hydrophilic edges and hydrophobic basal planes. GO contains oxygen-enriched functional groups, which react with various polymers to form polymer-based graphene oxide nanocomposite [ 9 , 10 ]. The large surface area of GO is used to carry and distribute drugs through contact between GO functionalities and drug groups.…”

Nanomaterials-Upconverted Hydroxyapatite for Bone Tissue Engineering and a Platform for Drug Delivery

“…Recent studies done by Khan et al 50 had developed a polymeric nanocomposite scaffold composed of arabinoxylan-co-acrylic acid, nano-hydroxyapatite (nHA), nano-aluminum oxide (nAl 2 O 3 ) and graphene oxide (GO) via free radical polymerization. These nanocomposite (ARX-GO-nHA/n-Al 2 O 3 -AAc) scaffolds were coated with silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) to enhance the antibacterial properties of the scaffold.…”

“…The oxidation of AgNPs by water/oxygen induce Ag + ions and reactive oxygen species (ROS) to inhibit replication by attacking the deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA). 50 …”

“…The oxidation of AgNPs by water/oxygen induce Ag + ions and reactive oxygen species (ROS) to inhibit replication by attacking the deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA). 50 Besides that, Kumar et al 55 employed a freeze-thaw method with a simple modification to synthesize a silver hydroxyapatite (Ag-HA) reinforced gelatin-alginate-PVA cryogel nanocomposite. The XRD results of Ag-HA nanoparticles indicate the reinforcement of Ag + ions into the hydroxyapatite lattice, with increased crystalline properties which are 9.3 nm and 81.8% for size of crystallite and crystallinity, respectively.…”

Development of Biopolymeric Hybrid Scaffold-Based on AAc/GO/nHAp/TiO2 Nanocomposite for Bone Tissue Engineering: In-Vitro Analysis

“…Engineering bioresorbable, biodegradable, and biocompatible scaffolds for tissue regeneration is a feasible alternative to meet the standard requirement for host bone [ 5 , 6 ]. With controlled degradations, these fabricated scaffolds should not cause cytotoxic, immunogenic, inflammatory, or any other host reaction, allowing for new tissue regeneration [ 7 , 8 ]. The surface properties of the scaffolds (physicochemical and morphological) are essential to establish tissue response and cell growth.…”