The incidence and geographical spread of SARS-CoV-2 in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil based on RT-PCR test results

Werneck, Guilherme Loureiro; Porto, Luís Cristóvão; Sena, Alexandre C.; Ferreira, Orlando da Costa; Cavalcanti, Andréa Cony; Santos, Ângela; Secco, Danielle; Silva, Márcio; Mariani, Diana; Chieppe, Alexandre; Tanuri, Amílcar

doi:10.1590/0037-8682-0779-2020

Cited by 9 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 9 publications

(8 reference statements)

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“…Chest tomography scans of both patients were suggestive of histoplasmosis, which may have facilitated the clinical suspicion and diagnosis of these two patients. Since Rio de Janeiro is an endemic area for histoplasmosis [ 32 ] and one of the most cities affected by SARS-CoV-2 in Brazil [ 33 ], we suppose that the two cases herein presented are the tip of the iceberg of the real magnitude of this problem. Clinicians should be aware of this life-threatening mycosis in patients with fever and coughing recovered from COVID-19, regardless of the clinical presentations of the viral infection.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Acute Pulmonary Histoplasmosis Following COVID-19: Novel Laboratorial Methods Aiding Diagnosis

Macedo¹,

Freitas²,

Bártholo

et al. 2021

JoF

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The acute form of histoplasmosis usually occurs after the exposition of more than one individual to a common environmental source harboring Histoplasma capsulatum. Here, we present two cases of acute pulmonary histoplasmosis seen within two weeks at a reference center for infectious diseases at Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. The patients did not present a common epidemiologic history for histoplasmosis, however both presented COVID-19 before the onset of histoplasmosis symptoms. Due to the difficulties in the diagnosis of acute histoplasmosis, novel laboratory methods such as Western Blot and PCR were included in the investigation of these cases. Both patients presented negative cultures for H. capsulatum and negative urinary galactomannan. However, they presented H and M bands in the Western blot as well as a positive H. capsulatum DNA detection in sputum. These results were available approximately 36 h after sample collection, fastening the beginning of treatment of one patient. Both patients progressed well with itraconazole treatment. These cases suggest that COVID-19 may facilitate the development of acute pulmonary histoplasmosis and, therefore, clinicians must be aware of this differential diagnosis in patients from endemic areas with fever and coughing after recovery from COVID-19.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Acute Pulmonary Histoplasmosis Following COVID-19: Novel Laboratorial Methods Aiding Diagnosis

Macedo¹,

Freitas²,

Bártholo

et al. 2021

JoF

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“…In this sense, it was expected that, at the beginning of the pandemic, the city would present high incidence rates of COVID-19, when compared with those in the state of Rio de Janeiro and Brazil 21 . The high mortality rate, together with the low rate of reported cases in the city of Rio de Janeiro, when compared with the state of Rio de Janeiro and Brazil, suggests that the underreporting of cases in the city can have substantial values 22 . Similar patterns of high incidence in more densely populated cities and mobility hubs were observed in the state of São Paulo 23 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Space-time analysis of the first year of COVID-19 pandemic in the city of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

Santos

Cavalcante

Pungartnik

et al. 2021

Rev. bras. epidemiol.

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Objective: To describe the space-time evolution of cases and deaths due to COVID-19 in the Rio de Janeiro municipality, Brazil, during the first year of the pandemic. Methods: An ecological study was carried out. The units of analysis were the neighborhoods of the city of Rio de Janeiro. Incidence and mortality rates, excess risk, Global Moran's Index (Moran's I), local indicator for spatial association, standardized incidence ratio, and standardized mortality ratio were estimated for neighborhoods in the municipality of Rio de Janeiro. Results: Over the first year of the pandemic, registries in the city of Rio de Janeiro included 204,888 cases and 19,017 deaths due to COVID-19. During the first three months of the pandemic, higher incidence rates were verified in the municipality compared with the state of Rio de Janeiro and Brazil, in addition to higher mortality rates compared with the state of Rio de Janeiro and Brazil from May 2020 to February 2021. Bonsucesso was the neighborhood with the highest incidence and mortality rates, and throughout the neighborhoods and months, there is no synchrony between the worst moments of the COVID-19 pandemic. Conclusion: The authors emphasize the need for implementing more rigid control and prevention measures, increasing case detection, and accelerating the COVID-19 immunization campaign.

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“…In this sense, trends of maintenance of positivity at relatively high values (25.0-50.0%) during the last weeks of December 2020 were observed in these states 20 . Another study in Brazil showed an overall RT-qPCR positivity rate of 44.6% in Rio de Janeiro 31 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

SARS-CoV-2 laboratory surveillance during the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic in southern Brazil

Baethgen

Veiga

Salvato

et al. 2023

Rev. Soc. Bras. Med. Trop.

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Background: Brazil has one of the highest numbers of COVID-19 cases and deaths. Rio Grande do Sul (RS) in southern Brazil is one of the leading states in terms of case numbers. As part of the national public health network, the State Central Laboratory (LACEN-RS) changed its routine in 2020 to focus on the diagnosis of COVID-19. This study evaluated the laboratory surveillance of COVID-19 suspected cases analyzed at the LACEN-RS in 2020. Methods: Viral detection was performed using RT-qPCR in samples from patients with respiratory infection who met the study criteria. Viral RNA was isolated using commercial manual kits or automated extractors, and SARS-CoV-2 RT-qPCR was performed using the Bio-Manguinhos/Rio de Janeiro, IBMP/Paraná, or Allplex 2019-nCoV assay. In total, 360 representative SARS-CoV-2 samples were sequenced using the Illumina platform. Results: In total, 31,197 of 107,578 (positivity rate = 29%) tested positive for SARS-CoV-2. The number of RT-qPCR tests performed per month followed the COVID-19 epidemic curve observed for the state, with peaks in July-August and December. Females accounted for 63% of the samples, whereas the positivity rate was higher among males (33.1% males vs. 26.5% females). The positivity rate was higher in adults aged 50-79 years compared to the overall positivity rate. The majority of cases were observed in the capital, Porto Alegre, and the metropolitan region. Ten distinct lineages were identified, with B.1.1.28, B.1.1.33, and P.2 being the most frequent. Conclusions: Here, we describe laboratory surveillance of COVID-19 to identify priorities for epidemiological surveillance actions in RS.

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The incidence and geographical spread of SARS-CoV-2 in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil based on RT-PCR test results

Cited by 9 publications

References 9 publications

Acute Pulmonary Histoplasmosis Following COVID-19: Novel Laboratorial Methods Aiding Diagnosis

Acute Pulmonary Histoplasmosis Following COVID-19: Novel Laboratorial Methods Aiding Diagnosis

Space-time analysis of the first year of COVID-19 pandemic in the city of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

SARS-CoV-2 laboratory surveillance during the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic in southern Brazil

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