Axonal damage and behavioral deficits in rats with repetitive exposure of the brain to laser-induced shock waves: Effects of inter-exposure time

Miyai, Kosuke; Kawauchi, Satoko; Kato, Tamaki; Yamamoto, Tetsuo; Mukai, Yasuo; Yamamoto, Taisuke; Sato, Shunichi

doi:10.1016/j.neulet.2021.135722

Cited by 6 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…Because LISW is not accompanied by wind (dynamic pressure) and its energy is spatially confined, both the effects of wind and exposure of other tissues can be excluded in principle. This would offer a unique advantage in using LISWs to study traumatic injury caused by explosions 37 . With shock or blast tubes, it is difficult to completely exclude the tertiary mechanism and exposure of untargeted tissues in animal experiments.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…On the basis of the scaling law, we believed that the appropriate shock wave duration to be applied to the mouse brain would be one-twentieth of the aforementioned durations, ranging from 12.5 μs to several hundred microseconds 40 . In this study, experiments were conducted according to the hypothesis that the force product is the most important parameter in determining damage 37 . We are currently studying the possibility of extending the time range, and we need to test the hypothesis with LISW using an optimal time range in the future.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The cause of acute lethality of mice exposed to a laser-induced shock wave to the brainstem

Yamamura

Kiriu

Tomura

et al. 2022

Sci Rep

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Air embolism is generally considered the most common cause of death within 1 h of a blast injury. Shock lung, respiratory arrest, and circulatory failure caused by vagal reflexes contribute to fatal injuries that lead to immediate death; however, informative mechanistic data are insufficient. Here we used a laser-induced shock wave (LISW) to determine the mechanism of acute fatalities associated with blast injuries. We applied the LISW to the forehead, upper neck, and thoracic dorsum of mice and examined their vital signs. Moreover, the LISW method is well suited for creating site-specific damage. Here we show that only mice with upper neck exposure, without damage elsewhere, died more frequently compared with the other injured groups. The peripheral oxygen saturation (SpO2) of the former mice significantly decreased for < 1 min [p < 0.05] but improved within 3 min. The LISW exposure to the upper neck region was the most lethal factor, affecting the respiratory function. Protecting the upper neck region may reduce fatalities that are related to blast injuries.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The cause of acute lethality of mice exposed to a laser-induced shock wave to the brainstem

Yamamura

Kiriu

Tomura

et al. 2022

Sci Rep

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“… 29 , 132 , 147 Investigations also indicate heightened anxiety, motor impairments, and fear responses during subacute and chronic time points. 29 , 132 , 159–162 , 164 – 166 …”

Section: Repetitive Blast-induced Neurotrauma Using Animal Modelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Twenty Years of Blast-Induced Neurotrauma: Current State of Knowledge

Sachdeva,

Ganpule

2024

Neurotrauma Reports

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Blast-induced neurotrauma (BINT) is an important injury paradigm of neurotrauma research. This short communication summarizes the current knowledge of BINT. We divide the BINT research into several broad categories—blast wave generation in laboratory, biomechanics, pathology, behavioral outcomes, repetitive blast in animal models, and clinical and neuroimaging investigations in humans. Publications from 2000 to 2023 in each subdomain were considered. The analysis of the literature has brought out salient aspects. Primary blast waves can be simulated reasonably in a laboratory using carefully designed shock tubes. Various biomechanics-based theories of BINT have been proposed; each of these theories may contribute to BINT by generating a unique biomechanical signature. The injury thresholds for BINT are in the nascent stages. Thresholds for rodents are reasonably established, but such thresholds (guided by primary blast data) are unavailable in humans. Single blast exposure animal studies suggest dose-dependent neuronal pathologies predominantly initiated by blood–brain barrier permeability and oxidative stress. The pathologies were typically reversible, with dose-dependent recovery times. Behavioral changes in animals include anxiety, auditory and recognition memory deficits, and fear conditioning. The repetitive blast exposure manifests similar pathologies in animals, however, at lower blast overpressures. White matter irregularities and cortical volume and thickness alterations have been observed in neuroimaging investigations of military personnel exposed to blast. Behavioral changes in human cohorts include sleep disorders, poor motor skills, cognitive dysfunction, depression, and anxiety. Overall, this article provides a concise synopsis of current understanding, consensus, controversies, and potential future directions.

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“…Окрім загального впливу ВХ, дослідження повторюваної ВІНТ показали, що інтервал часу між ВХ має кумулятивний вплив на мозок, що призводить до більш серйозних і тривалих неврологічних пошкоджень [18]. Це пояснюється тим, що мозок не має достатньо часу, щоб повністю відновитися від пошкод-жень, спричинених попереднім впливом, а наступні впливи ВХ можуть посилити наявні пошкодження [18].…”

Section: теоретична і експериментальна медицина 9 Theoretical and Exp...unclassified

Repeated blast-induced neurotrauma (systematic review)

Chaban,

Kozlova,

Bondarenko

2023

MTT

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During military conflicts, explosive injuries are observed, in particular, explosion-induced neurotrauma, which leads to significant impairment of brain functions and deterioration of the quality of life of the victims. Therefore, the study of the pathogenesis of such injuries is definitely relevant. Attention is drawn to repetitive blast-induced neurotrauma, because gunners and tankers, as well as civilians living in areas where such weapons are used, are most often exposed to it. In order to establish the already investigated features of the clinical and experimental course of mild repetitive blast-induced trauma, the aim of the work was to conduct a retrospective and prospective analysis of literary sources dedicated to the study of the features of the mechanisms of damage to the central nervous system after repeated blast wave action. To achieve the goal, a retro- and prospective analysis of literature and patents for the period 2003–2023 was conducted. As a result of the analysis, it was established that the action of the blast wave can cause a mild brain injury and that its repeated exposure leads to more serious consequences. These consequences include: diffuse axonal damage, oxidative stress, tissue damage, hemorrhage, vasoconstriction, edema, pseudoaneurysm formation, and induction of apoptosis. It can also be said that, in contrast to a single exposure, repeated exposure to a blast wave has a cumulative effect on different areas of the brain and causes chronic neuropathological changes. Dissociation of cerebral blood flow and metabolism, excitotoxicity, oxidative stress, cell death, astrocyte reactivity, blood-brain barrier dysfunction, microglia activation, dysmyelination, diffuse axon damage play a leading role in the pathogenesis of repeated blast-induced neurotrauma. Keywords: central nervous system, blast wave, brain, trauma.

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Axonal damage and behavioral deficits in rats with repetitive exposure of the brain to laser-induced shock waves: Effects of inter-exposure time

Cited by 6 publications

References 44 publications

The cause of acute lethality of mice exposed to a laser-induced shock wave to the brainstem

The cause of acute lethality of mice exposed to a laser-induced shock wave to the brainstem

Twenty Years of Blast-Induced Neurotrauma: Current State of Knowledge

Repeated blast-induced neurotrauma (systematic review)

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