Subclinical Hyperthyroidism: A Review of the Clinical Literature

Tsai, Karen; Leung, Angela M.

doi:10.1016/j.eprac.2021.02.002

Cited by 30 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 78 publications

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“…In the present study women were younger and also older ones, on average, were younger than men. The number of men was smaller and men had worse TSH, T4L, T3L, Anti Tg and TRAB values than women [28][29][30]. This fact suggests that thyroid diseases are less common among men, although subclinical thyroid disease is more marked and more compromising for this gland among them.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Clinical, laboratory, ultrasound and FNAB aspects of subclinical thyroid diseases (hypo and hyperthyroidism)

Alves¹

2021

Japan J Res

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Clinical, laboratory, ultrasound and FNAB aspects of subclinical thyroid diseases (hypo and hyperthyroidism)

Alves¹

2021

Japan J Res

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“…In the subgroup of patients with available TSH, FT3, and FT4 levels, thyroid dysfunction patterns were characterized according to the following reference ranges: 0.340–5.600 μUI/mL for TSH, 2.5–3.9 pg/mL for FT3 and 0.54–1.24 ng/dL for FT4. Hyperthyroidism was defined by low TSH levels with high FT3 and FT4 levels, while subclinical hyperthyroidism was defined by low TSH levels with normal FT3 and FT4 levels [ 24 ]. Hypothyroidism was defined by high TSH levels with low FT3 and FT4 levels, while subclinical hypothyroidism was defined by high TSH levels with normal FT3 and FT4 levels [ 25 ].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone Predicts Total Cholesterol and Low-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol Reduction during the Acute Phase of COVID-19

Mannarino

Bianconi

Cosentini

et al. 2022

JCM

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A complex dysregulation of lipid metabolism occurs in COVID-19, leading to reduced total cholesterol (TC), LDL-cholesterol (LDL-C), and HDL-cholesterol (HDL-C) levels, along with a derangement of thyroid function, leading to reduced thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) levels. This study aimed to explore the association between TSH levels during COVID-19 and the variation (Δ) of lipid profile parameters in the period preceding (from 1 month up to 1 year) hospital admission due to COVID-19. Clinical data of 324 patients (mean age 76 ± 15 years, 54% males) hospitalized due to COVID-19 between March 2020 and March 2022 were retrospectively analyzed. The association between TSH levels at hospital admission and either Δ-TC, Δ-LDL-C, or Δ-HDL-C over the selected time frame was assessed through univariable and multivariable analyses. TSH levels were below the lower reference limit of 0.340 μUI/mL in 14% of COVID-19 patients. A significant reduction of plasma TC, LDL-C, and HDL-C was recorded between the two time points (p < 0.001 for all the comparisons). TSH was directly associated with Δ-TC (rho = 0.193, p = 0.001), Δ-LDL-C (rho = 0.201, p = 0.001), and Δ-HDL-C (rho = 0.160, p = 0.008), and inversely associated with C-reactive protein (CRP) (rho = −0.175, p = 0.004). Moreover, TSH decreased with increasing COVID-19 severity (p < 0.001). CRP and COVID-19 severity were inversely associated with Δ-TC, Δ-LDL-C, and Δ-HDL-C (p < 0.05 for all associations). A significant independent association was found between TSH and either Δ-TC (β = 0.125, p = 0.044) or Δ-LDL-C (β = 0.131, p = 0.036) after adjusting for multiple confounders including CRP and COVID-19 severity. In conclusion, lower levels of TSH may contribute to explain TC and LDL-C reduction in the acute phase of COVID-19.

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“…Since the mild type can be resolved, it is recommended to repeat measurements of serum TSH and FT4 levels in 3 to 6 months before confirming a diagnosis of SCHyper. On the other hand, the severe type is likely to progress to overt hyperthyroidism [84,85].…”

Section: Definition and Diagnosismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Moreover, the majority remained as SCHyper (63%), while 36% spontaneously returned to normal serum thyroid function, especially those with serum TSH levels between 0.1 and 0.4 mIU/L, during the 7-year follow-up period [87]. In general, SCHyper occurs with higher prevalence among women, older individuals, and those living in iodine-deficient regions [10,84,[86][87][88]. In fact, the frequency of SCHyper is higher in older people and can be as high as 15.4% in patients who are 75 years or older [89].…”

Section: Epidemiologymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Graves' disease is the most common condition among those of endogenous origins, which is generally found in the younger population. In addition, autosomal functional thyroid nodules (AFTN) and toxic multinodular goiter (TMNG) can be cases of SCHyper of endogenous origins which are generally found in the elder population Endocrine Journal Advance Publication [84]. Transient SCHyper may prolong for 3 to 6 months, depending on its origin.…”

Section: Etiology and Differential Diagnosis Of Schypermentioning

confidence: 99%

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Update on subclinical thyroid dysfunction

Hashimoto

2022

Endocr J

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Subclinical thyroid dysfunction is defined by serum thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) levels either greater or less than the reference range with normal thyroxine (T4) concentrations, and consists of subclinical hypothyroidism (SCH) and subclinical hyperthyroidism (SCHyper). For the proper diagnosis of SCH, it is most important to be able to correctly evaluate the serum TSH levels, which have numerous unique characteristics. We also need to be versed in TSH harmonization, which was recently launched world-wide. In this review, we will attempt to determine the best clinical approaches to the treatment of subclinical thyroid dysfunction based on recent guidelines published from several countries and novel findings of several recent large-scale clinical studies.

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Subclinical Hyperthyroidism: A Review of the Clinical Literature

Cited by 30 publications

References 78 publications

Clinical, laboratory, ultrasound and FNAB aspects of subclinical thyroid diseases (hypo and hyperthyroidism)

Clinical, laboratory, ultrasound and FNAB aspects of subclinical thyroid diseases (hypo and hyperthyroidism)

Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone Predicts Total Cholesterol and Low-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol Reduction during the Acute Phase of COVID-19

Update on subclinical thyroid dysfunction

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