Striking muscle adaptations induced by volume-dependent repeated bouts of low-intensity eccentric exercise of the elbow flexors

Chen, Trevor C.; Tseng, Wei Chin; Chen, Hsin Lian; Tseng, Kuo Wei; Chou, Tai Ying; Huang, Yuh Chuan; Nosaka, Kazunori

doi:10.1139/apnm-2020-1016

Cited by 6 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…The test–retest reliability of the dependent variables indicated by the coefficient of variation (CV) was demonstrated to be smaller than 9.9% in our previous studies performed in the same laboratory by the same investigators 16,17 …”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 84%

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Muscle damage induced by maximal eccentric exercise of the elbow flexors after 3‐week immobilization

Chen

Kang

Tseng

et al. 2022

Scandinavian Med Sci Sports

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The present study investigated the effects of a 3‐week immobilization (IM) on muscle damage induced by maximal eccentric exercise (MaxEC) to test the hypothesis that the IM would make muscles prone to muscle damage. Young healthy sedentary men were pseudo‐randomly assigned to IM or control group (n = 12/group). Non‐dominant arms of the IM group participants were immobilized at 90° elbow flexion by a cast for 21 days. All participants performed MaxEC consisting of five sets of six elbow flexor contractions by lowering a dumbbell set at 100% of pre‐exercise maximal voluntary isometric contraction (MVC) strength of the non‐dominant arm. This was performed at 2 days after the cast removal for the IM group. MVC torque, range of motion (ROM), muscle thickness (MT), muscle hardness, position sense (PS), and joint reaction angle (JRA) of the elbow flexors were measured at baseline, post‐immobilization, and before, immediately after, and one to 5 days after MaxEC. The IM decreased MVC torque (−17 ± 2%), ROM (−2 ± 1%), MT (−7 ± 3%), and JRA (−12 ± 6%), and increased in muscle hardness (20 ± 6%) and PS (11 ± 2%) (p < 0.05). Changes in MVC (e.g., 2 days: −40 ± 5 vs. −30 ± 9%), ROM (2 days: −11 ± 2 vs. −9 ± 3%), muscle soreness (peak: 63 ± 22 vs. 48 ± 14 mm), plasma CK activity (peak: 7820 ± 4011 vs. 4980 ± 1363 IU/L), PS (maximal change: −23 ± 2 vs. −18 ± 3%), and JRA (maximal change: −37 ± 4 vs. −26 ± 3%) after MaxEC were greater (p < 0.05) for the IM than control group. These results supported the hypothesis and showed that the IM made the muscles more vulnerable to muscle damage induced by eccentric exercise.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 84%

“…A 7.5‐MHz scanning head was placed on the measurement site without depressing the dermal surface. A combined biceps brachii and brachialis muscle thickness was determined as the distance from the subcutaneous adipose layer to the surface of the humerus bone 17 …”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Muscle damage induced by maximal eccentric exercise of the elbow flexors after 3‐week immobilization

Chen

Kang

Tseng

et al. 2022

Scandinavian Med Sci Sports

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“…Concerns for exercise-induced muscle damage (and its consequences) that may be associated with higher intensity eccentric RT further supports the need for investigating low intensity eccentric RT paradigms in older adults ( Tse et al, 2015 ). In support of lower intensity eccentric RT, induced changes over time may elicit a muscle damage protective effect ( Chen et al, 2021 ). The minimized muscle damage feature of lower intensity eccentric RT is a very important part of improving the tolerance of the RT exercise routine in older adults due to soreness-related discomforts.…”

Section: Eccentric Resistance Training For Older Adultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Potential Benefits of a Minimal Dose Eccentric Resistance Training Paradigm to Combat Sarcopenia and Age-Related Muscle and Physical Function Deficits in Older Adults

Harper

Thompson

2021

Front. Physiol.

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The ability of older adults to perform activities of daily living is often limited by the ability to generate high mechanical outputs. Therefore, assessing and developing maximal neuromuscular capacity is essential for determining age-related risk for functional decline as well as the effectiveness of therapeutic interventions. Interventions designed to enhance neuromuscular capacities underpinning maximal mechanical outputs could positively impact functional performance in daily life. Unfortunately, < 10% of older adults meet the current resistance training guidelines. It has recently been proposed that a more “minimal dose” RT model may help engage a greater proportion of older adults, so that they may realize the benefits of RT. Eccentric exercise offers some promising qualities for such an approach due to its efficiency in overloading contractions that can induce substantial neuromuscular adaptations. When used in a minimal dose RT paradigm, eccentric-based RT may be a particularly promising approach for older adults that can efficiently improve muscle mass, strength, and functional performance. One approach that may lead to improved neuromuscular function capacities and overall health is through heightened exercise tolerance which would favor greater exercise participation in older adult populations. Therefore, our perspective article will discuss the implications of using a minimal dose, submaximal (i.e., low intensity) multi-joint eccentric resistance training paradigm as a potentially effective, and yet currently underutilized, means to efficiently improve neuromuscular capacities and function for older adults.

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“…Eccentric contraction (ECC) is a contraction mode of skeletal muscles wherein the force-generating sarcomeres elongate to induce an augmented force. In the field of physical fitness and sports medicine, ECC has received special attention because it can have dual effects on skeletal muscle: injury [ 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 ] or strengthening [ 5 , 6 , 7 ]. Strenuous ECC readily injures muscles.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Muscle strengthening effects, on the other hand, are suggested to be specifically efficient in ECC compared with other contraction modes [ 9 ]. Even mild ECC has been shown to strengthen muscles without inducing muscle injury at the cellular level [ 5 , 7 , 10 ]. Some subcellular sites that are strained in ECC are responsible for triggering muscle strengthening effects.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

X-ray Diffraction Analysis to Explore Molecular Traces of Eccentric Contraction on Rat Skeletal Muscle Parallelly Evaluated with Signal Protein Phosphorylation Levels

Hirano

Yamauchi

Nakahara

et al. 2021

IJMS

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We performed X-ray diffraction analyses on rat plantaris muscle to determine if there are strain-specific structural changes at the molecular level after eccentric contraction (ECC). ECC was elicited in situ by supramaximal electrical stimulation through the tibial nerve. One hour after a series of ECC sessions, the structural changes that remained in the sarcomere were evaluated using X-ray diffraction. Proteins involved in cell signaling pathways in the muscle were also examined. ECC elicited by 100, 75, and 50 Hz stimulation respectively developed peak tension of 1.34, 1.12 and 0.79 times the isometric maximal tetanus tension. The series of ECC sessions phosphorylated the forkhead box O proteins (FoxO) in a tension-time integral-dependent manner, as well as phosphorylated the mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK) and a protein in the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway in a maximal tension dependent manner. Compared to isometric contractions, ECC was more efficient in phosphorylating the signaling proteins. X-ray diffraction revealed that the myofilament lattice was preserved even after intense ECC stimulation at 100 Hz. Additionally, ECC < 75 Hz preserved the molecular alignment of myoproteins along the myofilaments, while 75-Hz stimulation induced a slight but significant decrease in the intensity of meridional troponin reflection at 1/38 nm−1, and of myosin reflection at 1/14.4 nm−1. These two reflections demonstrated no appreciable decrease with triple repetitions of the standard series of ECC sessions at 50 Hz, suggesting that the intensity decrease depended on the instantaneous maximal tension development rather than the total load of contraction, and was more likely linked with the phosphorylation of MAPK and mTOR signaling proteins.

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Striking muscle adaptations induced by volume-dependent repeated bouts of low-intensity eccentric exercise of the elbow flexors

Cited by 6 publications

References 38 publications

Muscle damage induced by maximal eccentric exercise of the elbow flexors after 3‐week immobilization

Muscle damage induced by maximal eccentric exercise of the elbow flexors after 3‐week immobilization

Potential Benefits of a Minimal Dose Eccentric Resistance Training Paradigm to Combat Sarcopenia and Age-Related Muscle and Physical Function Deficits in Older Adults

X-ray Diffraction Analysis to Explore Molecular Traces of Eccentric Contraction on Rat Skeletal Muscle Parallelly Evaluated with Signal Protein Phosphorylation Levels

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