Administration of extracellular vesicles derived from human amniotic fluid stem cells: a new treatment for necrotizing enterocolitis

Treatment of necrotizing enterocolitis by conditioned medium derived from human amniotic fluid stem cells

“…Interestingly, another large functional cluster of the secretome is vesicle mediated transport, indicating a further study to identify the cargo in the extracellular vesicles (protein and miRNA) is necessary [ 13 ]. As we previously demonstrated the AFSC derived EVs could be beneficial in reducing the NEC induced intestinal damage [ 16 ], which is similar to the AFSC CM effects we found in this study. However, AFSC-CM components do not only contain EVs, but also has proteins that could represent broader effects than the AFSC EV.…”

“…Following ethical approval by the Animal Care Committee at The Hospital for Sick Children (protocol# 44032), we used a previously described mouse model of NEC [ 16 ]. C57BL/6 mouse pups who were post-natal day 5 (P5) were divided into three groups ( Fig 1 ) : (i) control mice who were breast fed; (ii) mice exposed to experimental NEC and phosphate buffered saline (PBS) administration (NEC+PBS); and (iii) mice exposed to experimental NEC and hAFSC-CM administration (NEC+CM).…”

“…As previously described [ 16 ], terminal ileum were placed into 4% paraformaldehyde, dehydrated, and paraffin-embedded for sectioning to 5μm thickness. Once sections were placed on slides, they were stained with hematoxylin and eosin and fixed using SHURMOUNT (General Data).…”

“…RNA was isolated from ileal samples using Trizol (TRIzol TM Reagent, Invitrogen TM ) following Invitrogen’s recommended protocol [ 16 ]. RNA was purified and quantified via NanoDrop TM spectrophotometer (Thermofisher Scientific), and 1μg of RNA was utilized for cDNA synthesis (qScript cDNA Supermix, Quantabio).…”

Exosomes: Biological Pharmaceutical Nanovectors for Theranostics

“…The amniotic tissue fluid stem cell secretome packed inside amniotic fluid exosomes has an anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory and tissue repair/regeneration potential similar to MSCex derived from other tissues. These exosomes enriched with growth factors and immunoregulatory proteins such as the transforming growth factor β (TGF-β), have been successfully employed in reducing oxidative damage, restoring cartilage strength and morphology in animal models of osteoarthritis and osteoporosis ( Gatti et al, 2020a ; Zavatti et al, 2020 ; O’Connell et al, 2021 ). Amniotic fluid derived exosomes exert a cardioprotective effect by modulating biological pathways, such as the PI3K-Akt signaling and Ca 2+ -dependent angiogenesis to promote cardiomyocyte proliferation and tissue repair in animal models of ischemic heart injury and myocardial infarction ( Balbi et al, 2019 ; Takov et al, 2020 ).…”