Inflammatory Depression—Mechanisms and Non-Pharmacological Interventions

Suneson, Klara; Lindahl, Jesper; Hårsmar, Simon Chamli; Söderberg, Gustav; Lindqvist, Daniel

doi:10.3390/ijms22041640

Cited by 54 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 125 publications

(183 reference statements)

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“…Serum albumin is a protein produced by the liver, which plays a role in maintaining plasma colloid osmotic pressure, participating in redox reactions in vivo , maintaining capillary permeability, and controlling cell apoptosis ( 33 , 34 ). It is also an indicator of nutritional and inflammatory status ( 35 , 36 ). Reduced serum concentration of albumin was associated with poor prognosis in multiple cancers including non-small cell lung cancer, prostate cancer and gastric cancer ( 37 , 38 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Distinct Age-Related Clinical Features and Risk Assessment in Chinese With Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia

et al. 2022

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The biological and clinical features of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) exhibited profound heterogeneity across Chinese and patients of predominately European descent. However, the age-related peculiarities and risk assessment of Chinese CLL patients remained ill-defined. The present study demonstrated that CLL patients were characterized by the earlier age at onset in China (median age at diagnosis: 63 years old) than in the United States (median age at diagnosis: 69 years old). Young patients from Shandong Provincial Hospital CLL database displayed prolonged overall survival than the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results cohort. Furthermore, among Chinese CLL patients, young patients showed an increased relapse rate compared with elderly patients. To optimize the risk assessment of CLL patients, novel risk score models named PR-Score and HBG-Score were developed for predicting the outcomes of young and elderly CLL patients respectively. The neonatal survival prediction systems were superior to international prognostic index for CLL (CLL-IPI) and Binet stage in assessing the overall survival and progression free survival of CLL patients. The analyses highlighted refinement of risk evaluation for CLL patients in different age groups, providing insights into individualized diagnosis and treatment of CLL.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Distinct Age-Related Clinical Features and Risk Assessment in Chinese With Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia

et al. 2022

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“…While highly preliminary and in need of replication, these findings suggest that ccf-mtDNA may be differentially regulated in different subtypes of depression. Specifically, our findings point to a role of ccf-mtDNA in “inflammatory depression”; a depression subtype that has been associated with worse treatment response to conventional SSRIs and a better treatment anti-inflammatory compounds [ 29 , 42 ]. Future clinical trials testing the antidepressant efficacy of such interventions should consider measuring ccf-mtDNA as a potential biomarker of treatment response.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Plasma circulating cell-free mitochondrial DNA in depressive disorders

et al. 2021

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Background Plasma circulating cell-free mitochondrial DNA (ccf-mtDNA) is an immunogenic molecule and a novel biomarker of psychiatric disorders. Some previous studies reported increased levels of ccf-mtDNA in unmedicated depression and recent suicide attempters, while other studies found unchanged or decreased ccf-mtDNA levels in depression. Inconsistent findings across studies may be explained by small sample sizes and between-study variations in somatic and psychiatric co-morbidity or medication status. Methods We measured plasma ccf-mtDNA in a cohort of 281 patients with depressive disorders and 49 healthy controls. Ninety-three percent of all patients were treated with one or several psychotropic medications. Thirty-six percent had a personality disorder, 13% bipolar disorder. All analyses involving ccf-mtDNA were a priori adjusted for age and sex. Results Mean levels in ccf-mtDNA were significantly different between patients with a current depressive episode (n = 236), remitted depressive episode (n = 45) and healthy controls (n = 49) (f = 8.3, p<0.001). Post-hoc tests revealed that both patients with current (p<0.001) and remitted (p = 0.002) depression had lower ccf-mtDNA compared to controls. Within the depressed group there was a positive correlation between ccf-mtDNA and “inflammatory depression symptoms” (r = 0.15, p = 0.02). We also found that treatment with mood stabilizers lamotrigine, valproic acid or lithium was associated with lower ccf-mtDNA (f = 8.1, p = 0.005). Discussion Decreased plasma ccf-mtDNA in difficult-to-treat depression may be partly explained by concurrent psychotropic medications and co-morbidity. Our findings suggest that ccf-mtDNA may be differentially regulated in different subtypes of depression, and this hypothesis should be pursued in future studies.

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“…Even though their outcomes are not generally important in size, they are effective in patients with low-grade inflammation and it was observed that a higher eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) content and the add-on type of treatment may predict a more successful response [ 127 ]. As previously discussed in the case of cytokine inhibitors or minocycline, a study on MDD patients concluded not only that EPA is more effective in those who display pre-existent inflammation, but it is also inferior to placebo in those who do not [ 110 ].…”

Section: Non-conventional Anti-inflammatory Drugsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Current Perspectives on Pharmacological and Non-Pharmacological Interventions for the Inflammatory Mechanism of Unipolar Depression

et al. 2022

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Since depression remains a major public health issue there is a constant need for new and more efficient therapeutic strategies based on the mechanisms involved in the aetiology of depression. Thus, the pathogenic link between depression and inflammation is considered to play a potential key role in the development of such therapies. This review summarizes the results of various pharmacological (non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, aspirin, cyclooxygenase inhibitors, cytokine inhibitors, corticosteroids, statins, minocycline, N-acetyl cysteine, omega-3 fatty acids and probiotics) and non-pharmacological interventions (electroconvulsive therapy, physical exercise and psychological therapy) and outlines their efficacy and discusses potential challenges. Both conventional and non-conventional anti-inflammatory drugs showed promising results according to the specific group of patients. The pre-existing pro-inflammatory status was, in most cases, a predictor for clinical efficacy and, in some cases, a correlation between clinical improvement and changes in various biomarkers was found. Some of the non-pharmacological interventions (physical exercise and electroconvulsive therapy) have also showed beneficial effects for depressive patients with elevated inflammatory markers. Treatments with anti-inflammatory action may improve clinical outcomes in depression, at least for some categories of patients, thus opening the way for a future personalised approach to patients with unipolar depression regarding the inflammation-related mechanism.

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Inflammatory Depression—Mechanisms and Non-Pharmacological Interventions

Cited by 54 publications

References 125 publications

Distinct Age-Related Clinical Features and Risk Assessment in Chinese With Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia

Distinct Age-Related Clinical Features and Risk Assessment in Chinese With Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia

Plasma circulating cell-free mitochondrial DNA in depressive disorders

Current Perspectives on Pharmacological and Non-Pharmacological Interventions for the Inflammatory Mechanism of Unipolar Depression

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