Brown/Beige adipose tissues and the emerging role of their secretory factors in improving metabolic health: The batokines

Ahmad, Bilal; Vohra, Muhammad Sufyan; Saleemi, Mansab Ali; Serpell, Christopher J.; Fong, Isabel Lim; Wong, Eng Hwa

doi:10.1016/j.biochi.2021.01.015

Cited by 43 publications

(40 citation statements)

References 135 publications

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“…Further studies highlighted the important secretory role of BAT, leading to an increased interest in identifying batokines in rodents that can exert autocrine, paracrine or endocrine effects. Several recently discovered batokines, such as FGF21, NRG4, BMP8b, CXCL14, or adiponectin have been shown to exert a protective role against obesity by enhancing beiging of WAT, lipolysis, sympathetic innervation, or polarization of M2 macrophages (16). We found that IL-6, released as a batokine, directly improves browning of human abdominal subcutaneous adipocytes (27).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 66%

“…For example, vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGF-A) secreted by brown adipocytes promotes angiogenesis and vascularization of brown adipose tissue (BAT) ( 10), (11), (12) while Fibroblast growth factor (FGF) 21 enhances the beiging of white adipose tissue (WAT) and increases thermogenesis in BAT ( 13), ( 14), (15). Understanding the roles of batokines in the human body is an area of active research (16), (17).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Irisin stimulates the release of CXCL1 from differentiating human subcutaneous and deep-neck derived adipocytes via upregulation of NFκB pathway

Shaw

Tóth

Király

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Thermogenic brown and beige adipocytes play an important role in combating obesity. Recent studies in rodents and humans have indicated that these adipocytes release cytokines, termed "batokines". Irisin was discovered as a polypeptide regulator of beige adipocytes released by myocytes, primarily during exercise. We performed global RNA sequencing on adipocytes derived from human subcutaneous and deep-neck precursors, which were differentiated in the presence or absence of irisin. Irisin did not exert an effect on the expression of characteristic thermogenic genes, while upregulated genes belonging to various cytokine signaling pathways. Out of the several upregulated cytokines, CXCL1, the highest upregulated, was released throughout the entire differentiation period, and predominantly by differentiated adipocytes. Deep-neck area tissue biopsies also showed a significant release of CXCL1 during 24 hours irisin treatment. Gene expression data indicated upregulation of the NFκB pathway upon irisin treatment, which was validated by an increase of p50 and decrease of IκBα protein level, respectively. Continuous blocking of the NFκB pathway, using a cell permeable inhibitor of NFκB nuclear translocation, significantly reduced CXCL1 release. The released CXCL1 exerted a positive effect on the adhesion of endothelial cells. Together, our findings demonstrate that irisin stimulates the release of a novel "batokine", CXCL1, via upregulation of NFκB pathway in neck area derived adipocytes, which might play an important role in improving tissue vascularization.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 66%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Irisin stimulates the release of CXCL1 from differentiating human subcutaneous and deep-neck derived adipocytes via upregulation of NFκB pathway

Shaw

Tóth

Király

et al. 2021

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Four genes that supposedly maintain insulin sensitivity are missing in the bird genome [42][43][44][45] and encode the following: (i) omentin [37], (ii) GLUT4 [38,39], (iii) uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1)/UCP2 [40], and (iv) plasminogen receptor [41]. The loss of these four genes may have contributed to insulin resistance in the Triassic period, the development of which may have transformed theropods to become hyperathletic.…”

Section: Establishment Of Insulin Resistancementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Omentin, secreted from adipocytes, is supposed to suppress insulin resistance and can restore insulin sensitivity [42][43][44][45]. Dakovic et al [37] reported that omentin as well as resistin, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and plasminogen activator inhibitor are missing in the bird genome.…”

Section: Establishment Of Insulin Resistancementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Dakovic et al [37] reported that omentin as well as resistin, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and plasminogen activator inhibitor are missing in the bird genome. In mammals, insulin sensitivity is notably regulated by the actions of omentin secreted by adipose tissue, which can modulate the activity of the insulin receptor [42][43][44][45]. .…”

Section: Establishment Of Insulin Resistancementioning

confidence: 99%

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Bird evolution by insulin resistance

Satoh

2021

Trends in Endocrinology & Metabolism

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Drift of oxygen concentrations in the atmosphere was one of the main drivers of the evolution of vertebrates. The drop in oxygen concentrations at the Permian-Triassic (PT) boundary may have been the biggest challenge to vertebrates. This hypoxic condition forced theropods to lose certain genes to maximize their efficiency of oxygen usage. Recent studies show that omentin and insulin-sensitive glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4) are missing in the bird genome. Since these gene products play essential roles in maintaining insulin sensitivity, this loss forced theropods to become insulin resistant. Insulin resistance may have been the key to allowing theropods to become hyperathletic under hypoxic conditions and to outcompete mammals during the Triassic period. A second challenge was the gradual increase in oxygen concentrations during the late Jurassic, Cretaceous, and Tertiary periods when reactive oxygen species (ROS) leakage from mitochondria became a problem. Since the simplest solution was the expansion of body size, some theropods became bigger to reduce ROS leakage per volume. Another solution was the development of a constitutively active countermeasure against ROS. A recent study shows that Neoaves have constitutively active nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF2) due to deletion of the C-terminal part of the KEAP1 protein, thus allowing Neoaves to express antioxidant enzymes to overcome ROS leakage.

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FK506 binding protein 51: Its role in the adipose organ and beyond

Galigniana

Ruiz

Piwien-Pilipuk

2022

J of Cellular Biochemistry

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There is a great body of evidence that the adipose organ plays a central role in the control not only of energy balance, but importantly, in the maintenance of metabolic homeostasis. Interest in the study of different aspects of its physiology grew in the last decades due to the pandemic of obesity and the consequences of metabolic syndrome. It was not until recently that the first evidence for the role of the high molecular weight immunophilin FK506 binding protein (FKBP) 51 in the process of adipocyte differentiation have been described. Since then, many new facets have been discovered of this stress‐responsive FKBP51 as a central node for precise coordination of many cell functions, as shown for nuclear steroid receptors, autophagy, signaling pathways as Akt, p38 MAPK, and GSK3, as well as for insulin signaling and the control of glucose homeostasis. Thus, the aim of this review is to integrate and discuss the recent advances in the understanding of the many roles of FKBP51 in the adipose organ.

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Brown/Beige adipose tissues and the emerging role of their secretory factors in improving metabolic health: The batokines

Cited by 43 publications

References 135 publications

Irisin stimulates the release of CXCL1 from differentiating human subcutaneous and deep-neck derived adipocytes via upregulation of NFκB pathway

Irisin stimulates the release of CXCL1 from differentiating human subcutaneous and deep-neck derived adipocytes via upregulation of NFκB pathway

Bird evolution by insulin resistance

FK506 binding protein 51: Its role in the adipose organ and beyond

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