Antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 protect against re-infection during outbreaks in care homes, September and October 2020

Jeffery-Smith, Anna; Iyanger, Nalini; Williams, Sarah; Chow, Ji‐Jian; Aiano, Felicity; Höschler, Katja; Lackenby, Angie; Ellis, Joanna; Platt, Steven G.; Miah, Shahjahan; Brown, Kevin E.; Amirthalingam, Gayatri; Patel, Monika; Ramsay, Mary; Gopal, Robin; Charlett, André; Ladhani, Shamez; Zambon, Maria

doi:10.2807/1560-7917.es.2021.26.5.2100092

Cited by 55 publications

(68 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…Although we did not observe reinfection episodes in our cohort, others have reported reinfection episodes. A 96% protective effectiveness in prior infected patients was estimated in care homes outbreaks [26,27].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Persistence of Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Antibodies Six Months after Infection in an Outbreak with Five Hundred COVID-19 Cases in Borriana (Spain): A Prospective Cohort Study

Domènech-Montoliu¹,

Puig-Barberà

Pac-Sa³

et al. 2021

COVID

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In March 2020, several mass gathering events were related to the Falles festival in Borriana (Spain), resulting in a 536 laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 cases outbreak among participants. This article estimates anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies persistence six months after and factors associated with antibody response. A prospective population-based cohort study was carried out by the Public Health Centre of Castellon and the Emergency and Clinical Analysis and Microbiology Services of Hospital de la Plana in Vila-real. In October 2020, a seroepidemiologic study was used to estimate the persistence of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies against nucleocapsid protein (N) by an electrochemiluminescence immunoassay (ECLIA) was implemented. We enrolled 484 (90.2%) of the 536 members of the initial outbreak cohort and detected persistent antibodies in 479 (99%) without reinfection episodes. Five participants had a negative antibody test. Factors associated with a negative result were a lower body mass index (BMI), and less contact with other COVID-19 cases. Among the 469 participants with two ECLIA tests, 96 (20.5%) had an increase of antibodies and 373 (79.5%) a decline. Increased antibodies were associated with older age, higher BMI, more severe illness, and low current smokers. Our results show that after a COVID-19 infection, a high proportion of cases maintain detectable anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Persistence of Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Antibodies Six Months after Infection in an Outbreak with Five Hundred COVID-19 Cases in Borriana (Spain): A Prospective Cohort Study

Domènech-Montoliu¹,

Puig-Barberà

Pac-Sa³

et al. 2021

COVID

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“…Studies with a similar demographic and setting are thus far limited. One study of subsequent outbreaks in two nursing homes in the United Kingdom found that 1.1% of residents were found to have repeat positive PCR tests over the two outbreaks [14] . In the United States, a study of two outbreaks in a Kentucky nursing home separated by three months found that five residents had probable reinfections, and that severity was worse in all residents, with one death reported [15] .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Repeat positive SARS-CoV-2 RNA testing in nursing home residents during the initial 9 months of the COVID-19 pandemic: an observational retrospective analysis

Armstrong

Campbell

Rabatsky-her

et al. 2021

The Lancet Regional Health - Americas

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“…The present study shows that NH residents with prior COVID-19 achieve much higher S-protein IgG levels after one single jab than in younger COVID-19 convalescents 35 . It remains to be determined whether vaccinated residents with prior COVID-19 (with at least one jab) will be better protected against reinfection during outbreaks in NHs than unvaccinated residents with prior COVID-19 4 .…”

Section: Findings Of the Present Study In Light Of Current Publications On Residents With Prior Covid-19mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In NHs facing a COVID-19 outbreak, infection prevention and control (IPC) measures based on results of repeated testing by real-time reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction for SARS-CoV-2 (RT-PCR) in all residents can limit coronavirus transmission 2,3 . Residents with a prior COVID-19 may be protected against reinfection during outbreaks in NHs 4 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antibody response after one and two doses of the BNT162b2 vaccine in nursing home residents: The CONsort-19 study

Bousquet

Blain

Tuaillon

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Methods: Twenty-two French nursing homes were included. COVID-19 had been diagnosed with real-time reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) for SARS-CoV-2. Blood S-protein IgG and nucleocapsid (N) IgG protein (N-protein IgG) were measured 21-24 days after the first jab (1,004 residents) and 6 weeks after the second (820 residents). Results: Among the 735 residents without prior COVID-19, 41.7% remained seronegative for S-protein IgG after the first jab vs 2.1% of the 270 residents with a previous positive RT-PCR (p<0.001). After the second jab, only 3% of the 586 residents without prior COVID-19 remained seronegative. However, 26.5% of them had low S-protein IgG levels (50-1050 UA/mL) vs 6.4% of the 222 residents with prior COVID-19. Residents with old infection (first wave), or seropositive for N-protein IgG at the time of vaccination, had the highest S-protein IgG levels. Residents with a prior COVID-19 infection had higher S-protein IgG levels after one dose than those without two jabs. Interpretation: A single vaccine jab is sufficient to reach immunity in residents with prior COVID-19. Most residents without prior COVID-19 are seropositive for S-protein IgG after the second jab, but around 30% have low levels of S-protein IgG. Whether residents with no or low post-vaccine immunity are at higher risk of symptomatic COVID-19 requires further analysis.

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Antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 protect against re-infection during outbreaks in care homes, September and October 2020

Cited by 55 publications

References 9 publications

Persistence of Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Antibodies Six Months after Infection in an Outbreak with Five Hundred COVID-19 Cases in Borriana (Spain): A Prospective Cohort Study

Persistence of Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Antibodies Six Months after Infection in an Outbreak with Five Hundred COVID-19 Cases in Borriana (Spain): A Prospective Cohort Study

Repeat positive SARS-CoV-2 RNA testing in nursing home residents during the initial 9 months of the COVID-19 pandemic: an observational retrospective analysis

Antibody response after one and two doses of the BNT162b2 vaccine in nursing home residents: The CONsort-19 study

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