Diagnostic Accuracy and Acceptability of the Primary Care Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Screen for the <i>Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders</i> (Fifth Edition) Among US Veterans

Bovin, Michelle J.; Kimerling, Rachel; Weathers, Frank W.; Prins, Annabel; Marx, Brian P.; Post, Edward P.; Schnurr, Paula P.

doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.36733

Cited by 81 publications

(81 citation statements)

References 49 publications

(81 reference statements)

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“…The PC-PTSD-5 results supported previous recommendations that scores ≥ 3 be considered as a positive screen for further referral (Bovin et al, 2021;Jung et al, 2018;Prins et al, 2016). The slightly higher specificity than previous reports (Prins et al, 2016), together with the lack of significant gender and language effects (whilst acknowledging skewed subsample sizes) were encouraging for practical application.…”

Section: Measures For Clinical Consideration: Evidence Of Validity and Practical Implications For Occupational Health Screeningsupporting

confidence: 76%

“…The 5-item screen enquires about the presence or absence of core PTSD symptoms, namely intrusive memory, avoidance, alterations in cognition and mood and alternations in arousal and reactivity. The scale has high internal consistency (Table 2; Bovin et al, 2021;Jung et al, 2018), with good test-retest reliability (r = 0.89) and concurrent validity reported (Jung et al, 2018). The PC-PTSD-5 has demonstrated excellent diagnostic accuracy (see Table 2), with a cut-point of ≥ 3 offering optimal sensitivity and specificity (Bovin et al, 2021;Jung et al, 2018;Prins et al, 2016).…”

Section: Primary Care Post-traumatic Stress Disorder Screen For Dsm-5mentioning

confidence: 98%

“…The scale has high internal consistency (Table 2; Bovin et al, 2021;Jung et al, 2018), with good test-retest reliability (r = 0.89) and concurrent validity reported (Jung et al, 2018). The PC-PTSD-5 has demonstrated excellent diagnostic accuracy (see Table 2), with a cut-point of ≥ 3 offering optimal sensitivity and specificity (Bovin et al, 2021;Jung et al, 2018;Prins et al, 2016). The only report of previous use in SA that could be located (with emergency medical personnel; Van Wijk et al, 2020) did not report psychometric data.…”

Section: Primary Care Post-traumatic Stress Disorder Screen For Dsm-5mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Clinical validation of brief mental health scales for use in South African occupational healthcare

Wijk¹,

Martin²,

Maree³

2021

SA Journal of Industrial Psychology

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Orientation: South Africa carries a high burden of mental ill-health. Screening to identify individuals for further referral is emerging as one pathway to promote access to mental health interventions. Existing occupational health surveillance infrastructure may be a useful mechanism for clinical mental health screening.Research purpose: This study explored the clinical validity of a range of brief mental health measures in the context of occupational health surveillance.Motivation for the study: To meaningfully screen for mental health as part of occupational health surveillance, tools are required that are empirically validated, clinically useful, locally available and practical to administer.Research approach/design and method: Workers (n = 1816), recruited through workplace occupational health surveillance programmes, completed the Patient Health Questionnaire-9, Brief Symptom Inventory 18-somatisation subscale, Generalised Anxiety Disorder scale-7, Primary Care Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder Screen, Intense (panic-like) anxiety scale and CAGE scale and partook in a diagnostic interview with a clinical psychologist.Main findings: Basic psychometric characteristics were reported, including confirmatory factor analyses, measurement invariance, internal consistencies and socio-demographic effects. Clinical utility was explored through receiver operating/operator characteristics curve analyses, and calculations of positive and negative predictive values, as well as sensitivity and specificity. These indicators provided evidence of clinical validity in the study context.Practical/managerial implications: The findings support the use of psychological screening as a brief, practicable and easily accessible mode of occupational mental health support.Contribution/value-add: This article presented evidence of structural and criterion validity for these scales and described their clinical application for practical use in occupational mental health surveillance.

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Section: Measures For Clinical Consideration: Evidence Of Validity and Practical Implications For Occupational Health Screeningsupporting

confidence: 76%

Section: Primary Care Post-traumatic Stress Disorder Screen For Dsm-5mentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Primary Care Post-traumatic Stress Disorder Screen For Dsm-5mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Clinical validation of brief mental health scales for use in South African occupational healthcare

Wijk¹,

Martin²,

Maree³

2021

SA Journal of Industrial Psychology

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“…For PTSD we used Primary Care- Post traumatic Stress disorder (PC- PTSD) for Diagnostic Statistical Manual (DSM) V—those who responded positively to 3 out of 5 questions about how the traumatic event(s) had affected them over the past month was regarded as probable PTSD ( 24 ). Though this has not been validated in a Kenyan context it has been shown to have high diagnostic accuracy and is highly acceptable due to its simplicity and brevity- having only five questions ( 25 ) and has shown good reliability even outside the US setting, as is the case of the Korean validation ( 26 ). We used the term Probable PTSD because to make a diagnosis of PTSD we would need a more comprehensive assessment by a clinician.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mental Disorders Among Health Care Workers at the Early Phase of COVID-19 Pandemic in Kenya; Findings of an Online Descriptive Survey

et al. 2021

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Background: Healthcare workers responding to the Corona Virus Pandemic (COVID-19) are at risk of mental illness. Data is scanty on the burden of mental disorders among Kenyan healthcare workers responding to the pandemic that can inform mental health and psychosocial support. The purpose of this study was to establish the frequency and associated factors of worry, generalized anxiety disorder, depression, posttraumatic stress disorder and poor quality of sleep among Kenyan health care workers at the beginning of COVID-19 pandemic.Methods: We conducted an online survey among 1,259 health care workers in Kenya. A researcher developed social demographic questionnaire and several standardized tools were used for data collection. Standardized tools were programmed into Redcap, (Research Electronic Data Capture) and data analysis was performed using R Core Team. In all analysis a p-value < 0.05 was considered significant.Results: 66% of the participants reported experiencing worry related to COVID-19. 32.1% had depression, 36% had generalized anxiety, 24.2% had insomnia and 64.7% scored positively for probable Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD). Depression was higher among females compared to men (36.5 vs. 26.9%, p = 0.003), workers <35 years old compared to older ones (38.1 vs. 26.4%, p < 0.001), and those who were not married compared to those who were married (40.6 vs. 27.6%, p < 0.001). Generalized anxiety was commoner among workers aged <35 years (43.5 vs. 29.3%, p < 0.001), females (41.7 vs. 29.2%, p < 0.001), those who mere not married compared to the married (45.2 vs. 31.2%, p < 0.001) and those with <10 years working experience (41.6 to 20.5%, p < 0.001). Younger health care professional had a higher proportion of insomnia compared to the older ones (30.3 vs. 18.6%, p < 0.001). Insomnia was higher among those with <10 years' experience compared to those with more than 20 years' experience(27.3 vs. 17.6%, p = 0.043)Conclusion: Many Kenyan healthcare workers in the early phase of COVID-19 pandemic suffered from various common mental disorders with young, female professionals who are not married bearing the bigger burden. This data is useful in informing interventions to promote mental and psychosocial wellbeing among Kenyan healthcare workers responding to the pandemic.

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“…The primary care post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) screen for Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-5) (PC-PTSD-5) was developed as a brief 5-item screen for PTSD in PC settings, with Cronbach's α > 0.90 and high diagnostic accuracy (Bovin et al, 2021;Prins et al, 2016). This measure was included against the background of SA's high reported prevalence of post-traumatic stress (Williams et al, 2007).…”

Section: Markers Of Mental Health and Mental Well-beingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Usefulness of the English version of the Stress Overload Scale in a sample of employed South Africans

Wijk

2021

African Journal of Psychological Assessment

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Amidst reports of high levels of stress in South Africa, it remained difficult to quantify psychological stress in the absence of locally validated measures. This study explored the English version of the Stress Overload Scale (SOS) in a South African sample. The first aim was to replicate the basic psychometric analysis of the original English version used in American samples, as well as the Setswana version used in a South African rural community setting. The second aim was to investigate criterion validity to determine its appropriateness for use in South Africa. A total of 2136 employed South Africans with at least 9 years of schooling participated in this study. Participants completed a range of mental health and well-being measures, both clinical and dispositional. Responses were analysed to examine both scale characteristics and validity indices related to the SOS. Little sociodemographic influence (age, gender and first language) was found, with analyses supporting validity across most indices. Furthermore, good predictive ability for mental (ill-) health was observed. This study, for the most part, replicated previous validation findings of the SOS. Validity was further confirmed by correlating the scale with measures of clinical mental health and dispositional well-being. Given the positive support to its validity, when used amongst employed South Africans with at least 9 years of education, the scale holds promise for application in local health-related research, for triage in primary healthcare contexts and for measuring outcomes of mental health interventions in therapeutic settings.

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Diagnostic Accuracy and Acceptability of the Primary Care Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Screen for the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (Fifth Edition) Among US Veterans

Cited by 81 publications

References 49 publications

Clinical validation of brief mental health scales for use in South African occupational healthcare

Clinical validation of brief mental health scales for use in South African occupational healthcare

Mental Disorders Among Health Care Workers at the Early Phase of COVID-19 Pandemic in Kenya; Findings of an Online Descriptive Survey

Usefulness of the English version of the Stress Overload Scale in a sample of employed South Africans

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