Diurnal variation in gene expression of human peripheral blood mononuclear cells after eating a standard meal compared with a high protein meal: A cross-over study

Davis, Rochelle; Murgia, Chiara; Dordevic, Aimee L.; Bonham, Maxine P.; Huggins, Catherine E.

doi:10.1016/j.clnu.2021.01.011

Cited by 7 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…In addition, the intake of a low-carbohydrate ketogenic diet for 12 weeks had an effect in reducing body weight and BMI [ 29 ]. Gene expression involved in nutrient metabolism is also different during day and night and depends on meal composition [ 30 ]. Therefore, manipulating the meal type at night (e.g., more protein and less carbohydrate) may mitigate the regulation of glucose uptake, and fatty acid synthesis and oxidation [ 30 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Gene expression involved in nutrient metabolism is also different during day and night and depends on meal composition [ 30 ]. Therefore, manipulating the meal type at night (e.g., more protein and less carbohydrate) may mitigate the regulation of glucose uptake, and fatty acid synthesis and oxidation [ 30 ]. Previous studies mainly evaluated the effect of a low-carbohydrate diet with increased protein and fat content.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Postprandial Glucose Response after Consuming Low-Carbohydrate, Low-Calorie Rice Cooked in a Carbohydrate-Reducing Rice Cooker

Ahn

Lee

Shin

et al. 2022

Foods

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This study evaluates whether blood glucose response differs upon consuming rice cooked in a carbohydrate (carb)-reducing rice cooker. Rice cooked this way exhibited 19% reduced total carbohydrate (34.0 ± 0.3 vs. 27.6 ± 0.9 g/100 g rice) and 20% reduced total calorie (149.0 ± 1.0 vs. 120.8 ± 3.7 kcal/100 g rice) contents. We measured the blood glucose response (at 0, 15, 30, 45, 60, 90, and 120 min) in 13 healthy participants after consuming 6 different rice types: regular white rice (regular WR, 50 g of available carbohydrate (AC)), low-carb WR with equivalent weight as regular WR (low-carb WR (EW)), low-carb WR with equivalent carb as regular WR (low-carb WR (EC), regular mixed-grain rice (regular MR), low-carb MR (EW) as regular MR, and low-carb MR (EC) as regular MR. All rice samples were prepared in an electric carb-reducing rice cooker. Postprandial blood glucose, sensory, and appetite were assessed after each test meal. The incremental area under the curve of 15 and 30 min after rice consumption was significantly lower in low-carb WR (EW) than that in regular WR. These results suggest possible health benefits of low-carb WR in reducing early postprandial spikes in blood glucose level without significant differences in satiety and satisfaction.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Postprandial Glucose Response after Consuming Low-Carbohydrate, Low-Calorie Rice Cooked in a Carbohydrate-Reducing Rice Cooker

Ahn

Lee

Shin

et al. 2022

Foods

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“…Approximately 15% of the metabolome oscillates across the day [ 29 ]. The regulation of metabolic responses has also shown to be different across the day, with eating at night eliciting a different post-meal regulatory response in gene expression compared to eating during the day, with less genes involved in lipid metabolic pathways activated at night [ 30 ]. Notably, homeostasis of glucose and lipid blood concentrations are under circadian regulation, with decreased glucose [ 31 ] and lipid clearance [ 32 ] during the night-time hours.…”

Section: Metabolic Processes Are Governed By the Circadian Clock And ...mentioning

confidence: 99%

The Impact of Meal Timing on Risk of Weight Gain and Development of Obesity: a Review of the Current Evidence and Opportunities for Dietary Intervention

et al. 2022

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Purpose of Review The aim of this short review is to provide an updated commentary on the current literature examining the impact of meal timing on obesity and weight gain in adults. The potential mechanisms, including novel and emerging factors, behind timing of food intake across the 24-h period in the development of obesity, and dietary strategies manipulating meal timing to ameliorate weight gain are also explored. Recent Findings Dietary patterns that feature meal timing outside of the regular daytime hours can contribute to circadian disruption as food is metabolised in opposition to internal daily rhythms and can feedback on the timekeeping mechanisms setting these rhythms. Epidemiological evidence examining the impact of late meal timing patterns is beginning to suggest that eating at night increases the risk of weight gain over time. Mechanisms contributing to this include changes to the efficiency of metabolism across the day, and dysregulation of appetite hormone and gut microbiota by mis-timed meals. Summary When meals are eaten, in relation to the time of day, is increasingly considered of importance when implementing dietary change in order to address the growing burden of obesity, although further research is required in order to determine optimal patterns.

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“…Whilst a number of studies have examined the impact of meal timing on glucose regulation in humans, few have examined the role of macronutrient timing [23,44,46,48,49 ▪ ,50] (Table 1), and even fewer have examined the response longer-term [51–54]. Postprandial glucose responses to a high-protein or high-carbohydrate meal consumed at 8 am or 8 pm were examined over four separate metabolic testing days in 10 healthy lean individuals [49 ▪ ,50]. The high-carbohydrate breakfast did not differentially impact glucose control as compared to the high-protein breakfast.…”

Section: The Role Of Macronutrient Timing In Glucose Regulationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Carbohydrate intake and circadian synchronicity in the regulation of glucose homeostasis

Zhao

Hutchison

Heilbronn

2021

Current Opinion in Clinical Nutrition &Amp; Metabolic Care

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Purpose of review Glucose metabolism is under circadian regulation, with insulin secretion and sensitivity being highest in the morning as compared to the evening. The present review will discuss the existing evidence for the role of meal and macronutrient timing to improve glucose metabolism and reset circadian clocks, with a focus on the evidence in humans. Recent findings Shortening the daily eating window (also known as time-restricted eating), or skewing food intake towards breakfast and away from the evening meal both improve glucose control in people with impaired glucose metabolism. Insulin is recently purported to be a zeitgeber and thus an important reset signal for peripheral circadian clocks in vitro and in mice. Although few studies have tested the impact of macronutrient timing in humans, eating a greater proportion of carbohydrates earlier, rather than later, in the day is associated with better glucose control. Summary The impact of carbohydrate intake timing on endogenous central and peripheral clocks, and its potential to optimize circadian regulation and improve glycaemic control, are not well understood but are currently under intense exploration.

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Diurnal variation in gene expression of human peripheral blood mononuclear cells after eating a standard meal compared with a high protein meal: A cross-over study

Cited by 7 publications

References 46 publications

Postprandial Glucose Response after Consuming Low-Carbohydrate, Low-Calorie Rice Cooked in a Carbohydrate-Reducing Rice Cooker

Postprandial Glucose Response after Consuming Low-Carbohydrate, Low-Calorie Rice Cooked in a Carbohydrate-Reducing Rice Cooker

The Impact of Meal Timing on Risk of Weight Gain and Development of Obesity: a Review of the Current Evidence and Opportunities for Dietary Intervention

Carbohydrate intake and circadian synchronicity in the regulation of glucose homeostasis

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