Differential physiological response of slow- and fast-growing broiler lines to hypoxic conditions during chorioallantoic membrane development

Ben-Gigi, R.; Haron, A.; Shinder, D.; Ruzal, M.; Druyan, S.

doi:10.1016/j.psj.2020.10.068

Cited by 10 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…While many physiological effects of breeding programs are known, such as changes to metabolism and the intestinal tract, including an increase of surface area ( Mitchell and Smith, 1991 ; Zuidhof et al, 2014 ; Tallentire et al, 2016 ), it remains unclear if the gut microbiota has been modulated by breeding programs. The aim of this study is to address this point by comparing the cecum microbiota of a current modern commercial breeding dam line and a legacy broiler line, which has not undergone any selection since 1986 ( Yair et al, 2017 ; Ben-Gigi et al, 2021 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Differences in gut bacterial community composition between modern and slower-growing broiler breeder lines: Implications of growth selection on microbiome composition

et al. 2023

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In the last century broiler chicken lines have undergone an extensive breeding regime aimed primarily at growth and high meat yield. It is not known if breeding has also resulted in a change to the broiler breeder’s associated gut microbiota. Here we compared the gut microbiota of 37-week-old commercial Cobb breeding dams with dams from a broiler Legacy line which has not undergone selection since 1986. The dams from both lines were kept together in the same shed under the same management protocol from day of hatch to avoid additional confounders. We chose this age to allow significant bacterial exchange, thus avoiding exposure dependent artifacts and so that we could compare dams at the same developmental state of adulthood and peak laying performance. Significant differences in the composition of the cecum bacterial communities were found. Bacteria of the genus Akkermansia, implicated in mucin degradation and associated with host metabolic health, accounted for 4.98% ± 5.04% of the Cobb cecum community, but were mostly absent from the ceca of the Legacy line dams. Inversely, Legacy dams had higher levels of Clostridiales, Lactobacillales and Aeromonadales. These results show that breeding has resulted in a change in the gut microbiota composition, likely by changing the physiological conditions in the mucosa. It remains unclear if changes in gut microbiota composition are a part of the mechanism affecting growth or are a secondary result of other physiological changes accelerating growth. Therefore, the identification of these changes opens the door to further targeted research.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Thus, to examine the interaction of genetics and microbiota composition in the context of breeding programs, we raised modern Cobb breeder dams alongside dams from a Legacy line, which was kept as a relaxed line (without selection) from 1986 ( Yair et al, 2017 ; Ben-Gigi et al, 2021 ) and compared their cecum bacterial communities.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Differences in gut bacterial community composition between modern and slower-growing broiler breeder lines: Implications of growth selection on microbiome composition

et al. 2023

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“…In our study, only the slow-growing dual-purpose ISA Dual genotype showed sex differences in preen gland volume, while the fast-growing Ross 308 genotype did not. Breeding for selected performance traits in chickens can lead to negative changes in other physiological and morphological parameters, which has been demonstrated particularly in fast-growing meat-type genotypes ( Tona et al, 2010 ; Lambertz et al, 2018 ; Ben-Gigi et al, 2021 ). Thus, we hypothesize that chickens of the meat genotype Ross 308 may be in poorer physical condition due to genetic selection for fast growth and rapid feed conversion, and thus are limited in their opportunities to invest in immunity and growth of other morphological structures, such as the preen gland, compared with the ISA Dual genotype.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of genotype, sex, and feed restriction on the biochemical composition of chicken preen gland secretions and their implications for commercial poultry production

Javůrková

Doležal

Fraňková

et al. 2022

Journal of Animal Science

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Preen gland secretions spread on the feathers contain various chemical compounds dominated by fatty acids (FAs) and volatile organic compounds (VOCs). These chemicals may significantly affect plumage condition, microbial and ectoparasitic load on feathers and chemical communication of birds. However, how chemical composition of preen secretions vary in commercially produced chickens with respect to their genotype, sex and feeding regime remain largely unknown, as well as the welfare implications for farmed poultry. We found that while polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) in chicken preen secretions differed significantly with genotype (P<<0.001), saturated fatty acids (SFAs) and monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs) varied with genotype-dependent preen gland volume (P≤0.01). Chickens of meat-type fast-growing Ross 308 genotype had reduced preen gland volume and lower proportions of all FA categories in their preen secretions compared with dual-purpose slow-growing ISA Dual chickens. A total of 34 FAs and 77 VOCs with tens of unique FAs were detected in preen secretions of both genotypes. While differences in the relative proportion of 6 of the 10 most dominant VOCs in chicken preen gland secretions were related to genotype (P<0.001), only one of the 10 most dominant VOCs showed a sex effect (P<0.01), and only 2 of the 10 most dominant VOCs showed a genotype-dependent effect of feed restriction (P=0.037). Feed restriction had no effect on the relative proportion of any of the FAs in chicken preen gland secretions. Moreover, we found that meat-type Ross 308 preen secretions were dominated by VOCs, which are proven attractants for poultry red mite (PRM) and may also increase infestation with other ectoparasites and negatively influence overall odour-mediated intraspecific communication and welfare. This study shows that no feeding management, but long-term genetic selection in commercial breeding may be the main cause of the differences in the biochemistry and function of chicken preen secretions. This might have negative consequences for chemosignalling, antiparasitic and antimicrobial potential of preen secretions and can lead to increased susceptibility to ectoparasites, plumage care disorders, and can affect the overall condition, welfare, and productivity of commercially bred chickens. Selection-induced preen gland impairments must therefore be considered and compensated by proper management of the chicken farm and increased care about animal well-being.

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“…Developmental changes induced by environmental conditions during incubation may impact post-hatch growth and metabolism (Shinder et al, 2007;Yahav and Brake, 2014). During chicken embryonic development, several critical windows associated with sensitivity to hypoxia Haron et al, 2017;Ben-Gigi et al, 2021), control of ventilation (Ferner and Mortola, 2009), thermal manipulation (Piestun et al, 2009a(Piestun et al, , 2011, and metabolic rate (Tazawa et al, 2004) have been defined. Hypoxia has been demonstrated an environmental incubation condition that can affect embryonic development, cardiovascular development, metabolism, O 2 demand, and the available energy for post-hatch growth and development (Haron et al, 2021).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Post-Hatch Performance of Broilers Following Hypoxic Exposure During Incubation Under Suboptimal Environmental Temperature

et al. 2022

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The modern broiler is selected to exploit its full genetic potential, to sustain a rapid growth rate, and to lower the feed conversion rate (FCR). Recently reported reductions in FCR have been associated with augmented tissue formation at the expense of physiological functions such as thermoregulation. In turn, modern broilers exhibit a relatively low capability to balance energy expenditure under suboptimal ambient temperature. Hypoxic conditions at late incubation stages play a role in reforming metabolic plasticity. This work examined the effect of exposure to 12-h hypoxia (12H; 17% O2) for three consecutive days (from E16 through E18), or continuous hypoxia exposure for 48 h (48H), from E16 through E17, as compared to standard incubation (21% O2) on post-hatch performance of broilers maintained under suboptimal ambient temperatures (cold, hot, and diurnal cyclic ambient temperature). 12H chicks kept under hot ambient temperature had significantly lower body temperature (Tb) as compared to the control chicks. On day 42, both 12H and 48H chicks grown in the cyclic temperature room had significantly lower Tbs than controls. In parallel, from week 4, onward, 12H chicks had a significantly lower FCR than controls, and the 48H chicks demonstrated a lower FCR from week 5 and on. 12H and 48H broilers maintained under diurnal cyclic ambient temperature, exhibited significantly greater relative breast muscle weight, and a similar pattern was found in hypoxic broilers raised under standard and hot ambient temperatures. Hypoxic manipulation affects and create an adaptive bias in allocating metabolic energy between maintenance and growth, thus resulting in improved broiler performance, thermoregulation, and rearing under suboptimal environmental temperature.

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Differential physiological response of slow- and fast-growing broiler lines to hypoxic conditions during chorioallantoic membrane development

Cited by 10 publications

References 39 publications

Differences in gut bacterial community composition between modern and slower-growing broiler breeder lines: Implications of growth selection on microbiome composition

Differences in gut bacterial community composition between modern and slower-growing broiler breeder lines: Implications of growth selection on microbiome composition

Effects of genotype, sex, and feed restriction on the biochemical composition of chicken preen gland secretions and their implications for commercial poultry production

Post-Hatch Performance of Broilers Following Hypoxic Exposure During Incubation Under Suboptimal Environmental Temperature

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