An Active and Low-cost Microwave Imaging System for Detection of Breast Cancer Using Back Scattered Signal

Abstract

: A defected ground antenna with dielectric reflector is designed and investigated for breast tumour diagnosis. Ultra-wide band resonance (3.1 to 10.6 GHz) is achieved by etching two slots and adding a narrow vertical strip in a patch antenna. A high dielectric constant substrate is added below the antenna, which shows remarkable effect on performance. Antenna performance is verified experimentally on an artificially fabricated breast tissue and tumour. Malignant tissue has different dielectric properties than the normal tissue, that causes deviation in the scattered antenna power. Average value of backscattered signal variation and ground penetrating radar (GPR) algorithm is used to localize the tumour of radius 4mm in breast tissue.

Performance Analysis of an Aperture-Coupled THz Antenna for Diagnosing Breast Cancer

“…Unhealthy tumors and cancer cells have high water levels, and THz photons are highly sensitive to water absorption. It helps in the characterization of THz radiation in biological and medical imaging [ 3 ]. Pulsed THz radiation can sense very small cancer cells and has the potential to differentiate between healthy and cancer cells.…”

Miniaturized Quad-Port Conformal Multi-Band (QPC-MB) MIMO Antenna for On-Body Wireless Systems in Microwave-Millimeter Bands

“…A deployable wearable antenna is modeled on a body with a thickness of skin=2.00mm, fat=4.00mm, and muscle=10.0mm producing a maximum specificabsorption rate of 0.512 W/Kg at 2.45GHz [31]. A breastcancer antenna is capable of detecting tumors which is traceable between a bandwidth of 8.50GHz-10.50GHz [32], [34]. A detailed investigation of SAR and thermal effects is studied by using patch-antenna when deployed on the body and also checking on the fabric-cotton wearable applications with antenna providing resonance at 1.80GHz, 2.40GHz, and 5.00GHz and 8.90GHz.…”

“…The Mean-Effective-GainMB (MEGMB) is defined as the ratio of the received power to the power which will be received by an isotropic antenna when replaced [41]. In general, the MEGms are calculated by 𝑀𝐸𝐺 𝑚𝑠 = 0.5[1 ∑ |𝑆 𝑚𝑠 | 2 𝐾 𝑠=1 ] (29) 𝑀𝐸𝐺 𝑚 = 0.5 × (1 − |𝑆 𝑚𝑚 | 2 − |𝑆 𝑚𝑠 | 2 ) (30) 𝑀𝐸𝐺 𝑠 = 0.5 × (1 − |𝑆 𝑠𝑠 | 2 − |𝑆 𝑠𝑚 | 2 ) (31) The ratio calculates the MEG60.0GHz which is given by 𝑀𝐸𝐺 𝑚 𝑀𝐸𝐺 𝑛 = 0.5×(1−|𝑆 𝑚𝑚 | 2 −|𝑆 𝑚𝑛 | 2 ) 0.5×(1−|𝑆 𝑛𝑛 | 2 −|𝑆 𝑛𝑚 | 2 )(32)…”