“…Despite its importance in combating sexual violence, the primary prevention approach has not been studied systematically to the same extent as secondary or tertiary approaches (Arango, Morton, Gennari, Kiplesund, & Ellsberg, 2014;Ellsberg et al, 2015;WHO, 2010). A number of quantitative and qualitative reviews of primary prevention strategies conducted in the past (e.g., Anderson & Whiston, 2005;DeGue et al, 2014;Ellsberg et al, 2015;Kettrey & Marx, 2019;Rivera et al, 2021;Verbeek, Weeland, Luijk, & van de Bongardt, 2023;Vladutiu, Martin, & Macy, 2011) fell short of providing a birds-eye view that encompasses all primary prevention efforts. For example, an influential review conducted by DeGue et al ( 2014) captured the full breadth of primary prevention interventions, reviewing about 140 studies, but did not provide a quantitative assessment or meta-analysis of these efforts.…”