Abstract:Macroalgae polysaccharides are phytochemicals that are beneficial to human health. In this study, response surface methodology was applied to optimize the extraction procedure of Pyropia yezoensis porphyran (PYP). The optimum extraction parameters were: 100 °C (temperature), 120 min (time), and 29.32 mL/g (liquid–solid ratio), and the maximum yield of PYP was 22.15 ± 0.55%. The physicochemical characteristics of PPYP, purified from PYP, were analyzed, along with its lipid-lowering effect, using HepG2 cells and… Show more
“…Before designing the response surface parameter, single-factor experiments were carried out to decide the appropriate range of various factors [27]. The ranges of independent variables were as follows: ratios of H 2 O to β-CD (5:1, 10:1, 15:1, 20:1, 25:1 mL/g), stirring time (0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, 2.5 h), ratios of β-CD to CLEO (4:1, 6:1, 8:1, 10:1, 12:1 g/mL) and stirring temperature (20,30,40,50, 60 • C) [28]. The effect of each factor was determined by changing it in defined ranges while all other factors were constant, where the H 2 O/β-CD ratio was 5:1, stirring time was 1 h, β-CD/CLEO ratio was 10:1, and stirring temperature was 20 • C; each experiment was repeated three times.…”
Section: The Response Surface Methodology 241 Single-factor Experimentsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…According to data of the single-factor tests, three factors, including CLEO/β-CD ratio (A), stirring temperature (B), and stirring time (C), were selected as variables to conduct runs of RSM. Three levels of variates were confirmed on the basis of preliminary tests and coded as −1, 0, and 1 [30]. Factors codes and levels are shown in Table 1.…”
Section: Optimization Of Experimental Designmentioning
Cinnamomum longepaniculatum essential oil (CLEO) possesses antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant activities. However, CLEO shows volatilization and poor solubility, which limits its application field. In this research, inclusion complexes of β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) with CLEO were produced, and its physicochemical properties were characterized. Response surface methodology was used to obtain optimum preparation conditions. A statistical model was generated to define the interactions among the selected variables. Results show that the optimal conditions were an H2O/β-CD ratio of 9.6:1 and a β-CD/CLEO ratio of 8:1, with the stirring temperature of 20 °C for the maximal encapsulation efficiency values. The physicochemical properties of CLEO/β-CD inclusion complexes (CLEO/β-CD-IC) were investigated. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy showed that correlative characteristic bands of CLEO disappeared in the inclusion complex. X-ray diffraction presented different sharp peaks at the diffraction angle of CLEO/β-CD-IC. The thermogravimetric analysis demonstrated the thermal stability of CLEO was enhanced after encapsulation. Tiny aggregates with a smaller size of CLEO/β-CD-IC particles were observed by scanning electron microscopy. The comparison of β-CD, CLEO, and physical mixtures with CLEO/β-CD-IC confirmed the formation of inclusion complexes.
“…Before designing the response surface parameter, single-factor experiments were carried out to decide the appropriate range of various factors [27]. The ranges of independent variables were as follows: ratios of H 2 O to β-CD (5:1, 10:1, 15:1, 20:1, 25:1 mL/g), stirring time (0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, 2.5 h), ratios of β-CD to CLEO (4:1, 6:1, 8:1, 10:1, 12:1 g/mL) and stirring temperature (20,30,40,50, 60 • C) [28]. The effect of each factor was determined by changing it in defined ranges while all other factors were constant, where the H 2 O/β-CD ratio was 5:1, stirring time was 1 h, β-CD/CLEO ratio was 10:1, and stirring temperature was 20 • C; each experiment was repeated three times.…”
Section: The Response Surface Methodology 241 Single-factor Experimentsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…According to data of the single-factor tests, three factors, including CLEO/β-CD ratio (A), stirring temperature (B), and stirring time (C), were selected as variables to conduct runs of RSM. Three levels of variates were confirmed on the basis of preliminary tests and coded as −1, 0, and 1 [30]. Factors codes and levels are shown in Table 1.…”
Section: Optimization Of Experimental Designmentioning
Cinnamomum longepaniculatum essential oil (CLEO) possesses antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant activities. However, CLEO shows volatilization and poor solubility, which limits its application field. In this research, inclusion complexes of β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) with CLEO were produced, and its physicochemical properties were characterized. Response surface methodology was used to obtain optimum preparation conditions. A statistical model was generated to define the interactions among the selected variables. Results show that the optimal conditions were an H2O/β-CD ratio of 9.6:1 and a β-CD/CLEO ratio of 8:1, with the stirring temperature of 20 °C for the maximal encapsulation efficiency values. The physicochemical properties of CLEO/β-CD inclusion complexes (CLEO/β-CD-IC) were investigated. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy showed that correlative characteristic bands of CLEO disappeared in the inclusion complex. X-ray diffraction presented different sharp peaks at the diffraction angle of CLEO/β-CD-IC. The thermogravimetric analysis demonstrated the thermal stability of CLEO was enhanced after encapsulation. Tiny aggregates with a smaller size of CLEO/β-CD-IC particles were observed by scanning electron microscopy. The comparison of β-CD, CLEO, and physical mixtures with CLEO/β-CD-IC confirmed the formation of inclusion complexes.
“…The structure of porphyrin is similar to that of carrageenan and agarose, so the extraction process is comparable ( Figure 15 ); for example, pre-treatment with alkali (e.g., sodium hydroxide) can increase 3, 6-AG content enhancing the gelation property [ 78 ]. Furthermore, ethanol is added to remove alcohol-soluble components in the pre-treatment [ 79 ].…”
Hydrogels are three-dimensional crosslinked hydrophilic polymer networks with great potential in drug delivery, tissue engineering, wound dressing, agrochemicals application, food packaging, and cosmetics. However, conventional synthetic polymer hydrogels may be hazardous and have poor biocompatibility and biodegradability. Algal polysaccharides are abundant natural products with biocompatible and biodegradable properties. Polysaccharides and their derivatives also possess unique features such as physicochemical properties, hydrophilicity, mechanical strength, and tunable functionality. As such, algal polysaccharides have been widely exploited as building blocks in the fabrication of polysaccharide-based hydrogels through physical and/or chemical crosslinking. In this review, we discuss the extraction and characterization of polysaccharides derived from algae. This review focuses on recent advances in synthesis and applications of algal polysaccharides-based hydrogels. Additionally, we discuss the techno-economic analyses of chitosan and acrylic acid-based hydrogels, drawing attention to the importance of such analyses for hydrogels. Finally, the future prospects of algal polysaccharides-based hydrogels are outlined.
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