The effect of β-alanine supplementation on high intensity cycling capacity in normoxia and hypoxia

Patel, Kiran Akshay; Oliveira, Luana Farias de; Sale, Craig; James, Ruth

doi:10.1080/02640414.2020.1867416

Cited by 4 publications

(7 citation statements)

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“…Six studies that investigated the influence of BA supplementation on performance in the CCT 110% were identified (Danaher et al, 2014;Hill et al, 2007;Patel et al, 2021;Sale et al, 2011;Saunders et al, 2017;Yamaguchi et al, 2021). All corresponding authors were contacted, and individual participant data from four studies were obtained (Patel et al, 2021;Sale et al, 2011;Saunders et al, 2017;Yamaguchi et al, 2021). A summary of the study design, population, and dosing protocol of all included studies is available in Table 2.…”

Section: Overview Of Available Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Individual Participant Data Meta-Analysis Provides No Evidence of Intervention Response Variation in Individuals Supplementing With Beta-Alanine

Esteves

Swinton

Sale

et al. 2021

International Journal of Sport Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism

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Currently, little is known about the extent of interindividual variability in response to beta-alanine (BA) supplementation, nor what proportion of said variability can be attributed to external factors or to the intervention itself (intervention response). To investigate this, individual participant data on the effect of BA supplementation on a high-intensity cycling capacity test (CCT110%) were meta-analyzed. Changes in time to exhaustion (TTE) and muscle carnosine were the primary and secondary outcomes. Multilevel distributional Bayesian models were used to estimate the mean and SD of BA and placebo group change scores. The relative sizes of group SDs were used to infer whether observed variation in change scores were due to intervention or non-intervention-related effects. Six eligible studies were identified, and individual data were obtained from four of these. Analyses showed a group effect of BA supplementation on TTE (7.7, 95% credible interval [CrI] [1.3, 14.3] s) and muscle carnosine (18.1, 95% CrI [14.5, 21.9] mmol/kg DM). A large intervention response variation was identified for muscle carnosine (σIR = 5.8, 95% CrI [4.2, 7.4] mmol/kg DM) while equivalent change score SDs were shown for TTE in both the placebo (16.1, 95% CrI [13.0, 21.3] s) and BA (15.9, 95% CrI [13.0, 20.0] s) conditions, with the probability that SD was greater in placebo being 0.64. In conclusion, the similarity in observed change score SDs between groups for TTE indicates the source of variation is common to both groups, and therefore unrelated to the supplement itself, likely originating instead from external factors such as nutritional intake, sleep patterns, or training status.

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Section: Overview Of Available Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Aggregate data for mean difference ESs were obtained for five studies (Hill et al, 2007;Patel et al, 2021;Sale et al, 2011;Saunders et al, 2017;Yamaguchi et al, 2021) generating a total of 11 PLA-controlled ESs. One study was not included (Danaher et al, 2014) because no presupplementation data for TTE was available.…”

Section: Patel Et Al (2021)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Individual Participant Data Meta-Analysis Provides No Evidence of Intervention Response Variation in Individuals Supplementing With Beta-Alanine

Esteves

Swinton

Sale

et al. 2021

International Journal of Sport Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism

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“…A despeito dos aumentos de desempenho e capacidade física com o treinamento físico realizado em condição de hipóxia, estudos mostram que a exposição aguda a condições de hipóxia pode reduz consideravelmente o desempenho físico (Flinn et al 2014;Deb et al 2018a;Patel et al 2021). Como evidenciado por Deb et al (2017), a hipóxia aguda, equivalente a 3000m de altitude, causou acidose metabólica, isso resultou em diminuição de 10.5% no trabalho total realizado em teste de ciclismo.…”

Section: Exercício Físico Em Condição De Hipóxiaunclassified

“…Mais recentemente, Gough et al (2019a) mostraram melhora em desempenho no teste de contrarrelógio de 4 km e melhora do equilíbrio ácido-base em condições de hipóxia moderadas, utilizando um protocolo de suplementação individualizado pelo Tmax. Por outro lado, outros estudos não mostraram efeitos ergogênicos perante a exposição aguda de hipoxia sobre a capacidade física em teste de ciclismo até a fadiga com o uso de bicarbonato de sódio (Flinn et al 2014) ou beta-alanina (Patel et al 2021), também não foi encontrado efeito ergogênico sobre o desempenho de séries de sprints curtos repetidos com o uso de tamponante intracelular, extracelular ou a sua combinação (Saunders et al 2014b). E ainda foi possível observar um pequeno efeito ergolítico da suplementação de bicarbonato de sódio (Saunders et al 2014b).…”

Section: Exercício Físico Em Condição De Hipóxiaunclassified

“…Esse protocolo de exercício de Wingate foi escolhido por sabidamente ser sensível em detectar melhoras no desempenho físico com a suplementação de tamponantes extracelular (Oliveira et al 2017). Outros protocolos de exercício como o CCT110% sensíveis não apenas ao uso de tamponantes (Sale et al 2011) e mas também aos efeitos deletérios da hipóxia (Patel et al 2021) podem ser uma alternativa para futuros estudos.…”

Section: Estudo Bunclassified

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Suplementação de bicarbonato de sódio e desempenho em exercício intermitentede alta intensidade: consistência dos efeitos e estratégias de otimização

Oliveira¹

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Sodium bicarbonate (SB) supplementation has been shown to be an effective nutritional strategy to improve performance during high-intensity exercise, although it is associated with various side-effects. Supplementation of high amounts of SB are required since some is lost in the stomach causing discomfort. Additionally, studies show large interindividual variation in the time to peak blood bicarbonate concentration (Tmax). SB supplementation could be an effective strategy to improve exercise performance in hypoxia, where muscle acidosis may be increased. This project had three objectives: Study A investigated the effect of SB supplementation in gastro-resistant capsules on blood pH and bicarbonate, and associated sideeffects, as well as the reproducibility of the blood bicarbonate response on three distinct occasions; Study B investigated the effect of SB supplementation in gastro-resistant tablets on blood pH and bicarbonate, and associated side-effects; and Study C investigated the effect of SB supplementation on exercise performance, blood variables and side-effects in conditions of normoxia and hypoxia. In Study A Part I, we analyzed the pharmacokinetics of blood pH and bicarbonate and side-effects for 4 h after supplementation of 0.1 and 0.3 g•kg -1 SB, comparing gastro-resistant and gelatine capsules. In part II, we assessed the consistency of these blood pharmacokinetic responses after 0.3 g•kg -1 SB on three separate occasions. In part III, we investigated the pharmacokinetic responses to SB supplementation in an individual who had undergone bariatric surgery. In Study B, we analysed the pharmacokinetics of blood pH and bicarbonate and side-effects for 6 h after supplementation of 0.1 and 0.3 g•kg -1 SB, comparing supplementation in solution, and gelatine and gastro-resistant tablets. In Study C we supplemented volunteers with placebo or 0.30 g•kg -1 SB and after 90 min measured performance during 3 bouts of the Wingate test in hypoxic and normoxic conditions, and sideeffects were also evaluated. The results showed that there were no differences in blood measures and side-effects between the types of capsules, only between doses (A -part I). Reproducibility was moderate at the group level and poor at the individual level, and Tmax was not reproducible across the three sessions. However, a window of ergogenic potential of ~3h was shown (A -part II). Increases in blood bicarbonate in an individual after bariatric surgery were higher than compared to normal individuals (A -part III). The increases in blood pH and bicarbonate were lower with supplementation of gastro-resistant tablets compared to gelatine capsules and solution, with no differences in side-effects (Study B). SB supplementation was ergogenic for performance only in normoxia, while hypoxia increased side-effects with supplementation (Study C). In conclusion, there was no advantage in supplementing SB using gastro-resistant capsules or tablets. Blood pharmacokinetics following supplementation are not reproducible at the intra-individual or inter-...

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Use of Buffers in Specific Contexts: Highly Trained Female Athletes, Extreme Environments and Combined Buffering Agents—A Narrative Review

Carr,

McKay,

Burke

et al. 2023

Sports Med

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This narrative review evaluated the evidence for buffering agents (sodium bicarbonate, sodium citrate and beta-alanine), with specific consideration of three discrete scenarios: female athletes, extreme environments and combined buffering agents. Studies were screened according to exclusion and inclusion criteria and were analysed on three levels: (1) moderating variables (supplement dose and timing, and exercise test duration and intensity), (2) design factors (e.g., use of crossover or matched group study design, familiarisation trials) and (3) athlete-specific factors (recruitment of highly trained participants, buffering capacity and reported performance improvements). Only 19% of the included studies for the three buffering agents reported a performance benefit, and only 10% recruited highly trained athletes. This low transferability of research findings to athletes’ real-world practices may be due to factors including the small number of sodium citrate studies in females (n = 2), no studies controlling for the menstrual cycle (MC) or menstrual status using methods described in recently established frameworks, and the limited number of beta-alanine studies using performance tests replicating real-world performance efforts (n = 3). We recommend further research into buffering agents in highly trained female athletes that control or account for the MC, studies that replicate the demands of athletes’ heat and altitude camps, and investigations of highly trained athletes’ use of combined buffering agents. In a practical context, we recommend developing evidence-based buffering protocols for individual athletes which feature co-supplementation with other evidence-based products, reduce the likelihood of side-effects, and optimise key moderating factors: supplement dose and timing, and exercise duration and intensity.

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The effect of β-alanine supplementation on high intensity cycling capacity in normoxia and hypoxia

Cited by 4 publications

References 39 publications

Individual Participant Data Meta-Analysis Provides No Evidence of Intervention Response Variation in Individuals Supplementing With Beta-Alanine

Individual Participant Data Meta-Analysis Provides No Evidence of Intervention Response Variation in Individuals Supplementing With Beta-Alanine

Suplementação de bicarbonato de sódio e desempenho em exercício intermitentede alta intensidade: consistência dos efeitos e estratégias de otimização

Use of Buffers in Specific Contexts: Highly Trained Female Athletes, Extreme Environments and Combined Buffering Agents—A Narrative Review

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