Prevalence and characteristics of older people with pressure ulcers and legs ulcers, in nursing homes in Barcelona

Efficacy of chitosan in the treatment of chronic skin lesions in a horse: A case report

“…Available data on this type of assessments is scarce in veterinary medicine; some authors have discussed the incorporation of certain parameters such as fluid characteristics, granulation tissue, erythema, and wound dehiscence, among others ( Anantama et al., 2022 ; Williams et al., 2018 ). Based on the above, the RESVECH 2.0 scale was used as a way of measuring the evolution of chronic wound healing, which has been used in human medicine ( Hernández-Martínez-Esparza et al., 2021 ). This tool allowed for the quantitative assessment of multi-dimensional measurements of healing, such as the depth of affected tissues, edge quality, type of tissue in the wound site, type of exudate and infection, and inflammation signs.…”

“…The following characteristics were reported: a surface area of 153 cm 2 , extension till the subcutaneous tissue, everted and thickened edges, necrotic tissue, purulent exudate, intense pruritus, perilesional erythema and edema, high temperature, biofilm-compatible tissue, malodor, hypergranulation, satellite lesions, tissue paleness, and yellowish granules. The RESVECH 2.0 scale was applied ( Hernández-Martínez-Esparza et al., 2021 ), a tool that measures the evolution of chronic wound healing, obtaining a score of 32/35. In the last 2 years, multiple systemic therapies had been employed, consisting of deworming (ivermectin and albendazole), non-steroidal (flunixin meglumine) and steroidal (dexamethasone) anti-inflammatory drugs, antibiotics (penicillin G procaine, enrofloxacin), and different topical therapies with dexamethasone, copper sulfate, nitrofurazone, and sulfanilamide.…”

“…The operational definitions are clear and there is a value that is assigned to each variable found in the lesion. The scale is easy to apply and quantifies from 0 (healed wound) to 35 (worst possible wound) ( Hernández-Martínez-Esparza et al., 2021 ). Therefore, it's application in veterinary medicine has a high potential that could help clinicians to objectively monitor the healing process and prevent complications.…”

Data‐driven approach to predicting the risk of pressure injury: A retrospective analysis based on changes in patient conditions

“…Pressure injuries are multifactorial, involving mechanical boundary conditions and the susceptibility and tolerance of the individual (Coleman et al, 2014; EPUAP, NPIAP, & PPPIA, 2019). Mechanical boundary conditions include mechanical ventilation (Cox, 2020; Lima Serrano et al, 2017), diabetes mellitus (Amir et al, 2017; Cox, 2020; Dreyfus et al, 2018; Lima Serrano et al, 2017), peripheral vascular disease (Hernández‐Martínez‐Esparza et al, 2021; Lima Serrano et al, 2017; Pittman et al, 2021), renal failure (Pittman et al, 2021), nutritional status (Dreyfus et al, 2018), low haemoglobin and albumin (Jin et al, 2017; Lee & Park, 2014; Sayan et al, 2020) and susceptibility and tolerance of the individual including old age (Cox, 2020; Lima Serrano et al, 2017; Sayan et al, 2020), body mass index (BMI) (Sayan et al, 2020), faecal incontinence or urinary incontinence [14], history of pressure injuries (Pittman et al, 2021).…”

“…In particular, the altered level of consciousness and sensory perception due to high disease severity and prolonged immobility (Amir et al, 2017) and nutritional imbalance (Allen, 2013; Dreyfus et al, 2018) of patients in the ICU contribute to the elevated risk for PI. Moreover, although patients in the ICU have a higher metabolic rate than their counterparts in the medical‐surgical unit, prolonged tube feeding, weight loss (Pittman et al, 2021) and malnutrition result in a fluid and electrolyte imbalance, which impairs their immune system, increasing their risk for infection, thereby increasing their susceptibility to pressure injuries (Hernández‐Martínez‐Esparza et al, 2021; Pittman et al, 2021). A PI extends patients' length of stay (Allen, 2013; Dreyfus et al, 2018; Han et al, 2019) and increases medical cost (Allen, 2013; Dreyfus et al, 2018; Wassel et al, 2020), as well as rehospitalization (Dreyfus et al, 2018; Han et al, 2019; Wassel et al, 2020) and mortality rates (Allen, 2013; Han et al, 2019); thus, they not only adversely affect patients and their families but also complicate nursing care.…”