Antipsychotics as environmental pollutants: An underrated threat?

Escudero, Javier; Muñoz, Josep Lluís García; Morera-Herreras, Teresa; Hernández, Rafael; Medrano, Juan; Domingo-Echaburu, Saioa; Barceló, Damià; Orive, Gorka; Lertxundi, Unax

doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.144634

Cited by 30 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 89 publications

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“…Постнов агонистов (функциональных аналогов), антагонистов (ингибиторов рецепторов нейротрансмиттеров) и других нейроактивных соединений имеет прямое отношение к природоохранной проблематике, поскольку подобные соединения все чаще попадают в сточные воды и далее в окружающую среду как загрязнители (поллютанты). В частности, хлорпромазин и многие другие применяемые в психиатрии препараты (антипсихотики) накапливаются в пищевых цепях природных экосистем, даже в низких концентрациях меняя поведение живых организмов в составе таких экосистем [5]. Так, важный нейромедиатор и гормон норадреналин вызывает летальный токсический эффект у представителей зоопланктона дафний Ceriodaphnia dubia и Daphnia magna; половина тестированных дафний погибает (доза LD 50 ) при концентрациях норадреналина в среде 46 и 38 мкМ соответственно; даже в существенно более низких (нелетальных) концентрациях норадреналин нарушает процесс размножения и стадии индивидуального развития (в частности, линьку) у исследованных видов дафний [6].…”

Section: ключевые слова: нейромедиаторы нейротрансмиттеры биогенные а...unclassified

Neurotransmitters as Communicative Agents in Aquatic Ecosystems

Oleskin

Postnov

2022

Moscow Univ. Biol.Sci. Bull.

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Section: ключевые слова: нейромедиаторы нейротрансмиттеры биогенные а...unclassified

Neurotransmitters as Communicative Agents in Aquatic Ecosystems

Oleskin

Postnov

2022

Moscow Univ. Biol.Sci. Bull.

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“…Castillo-Zacarías et al [ 32 ] have recently reviewed available literature about the presence and effects of antidepressants on the environment. We have also shown that the role of antipsychotic drugs as environmental pollutants has probably been underrated so far[ 33 ].…”

Section: The Problem Of Environmental Pollution With Pharmaceuti-calsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Environmental pollution with psychiatric drugs

Argaluza¹,

Domingo-Echaburu²,

Orive³

et al. 2021

WJP

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Among all contaminants of emerging interest, drugs are the ones that give rise to the greatest concern. Any of the multiple stages of the drug's life cycle (production, consumption and waste management) is a possible entry point to the different environmental matrices. Psychiatric drugs have received special attention because of two reasons. First, their use is increasing. Second, many of them act on phylogenetically highly conserved neuroendocrine systems, so they have the potential to affect many non-target organisms. Currently, wastewater is considered the most important source of drugs to the environment. Furthermore, the currently available wastewater treatment plants are not specifically prepared to remove drugs, so they reach practically all environmental matrices, even tap water. As drugs are designed to produce pharmacological effects at low concentrations, they are capable of producing ecotoxicological effects on microorganisms, flora and fauna, even on human health. It has also been observed that certain antidepressants and antipsychotics can bioaccumulate along the food chain. Drug pollution is a complicated and diffuse problem characterized by scientific uncertainties, a large number of stakeholders with different values and interests, and enormous complexity. Possible solutions consist on acting at source, using medicines more rationally, eco-prescribing or prescribing greener drugs, designing pharmaceuticals that are more readily biodegraded, educating both health professionals and citizens, and improving coordination and collaboration between environmental and healthcare sciences. Besides, end of pipe measures like improving or developing new purification systems (biological, physical, chemical, combination) that eliminate these residues efficiently and at a sustainable cost should be a priority. Here, we describe and discuss the main aspects of drug pollution, highlighting the specific issues of psychiatric drugs.

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“…Due to the inability to remove psychiatric drugs from aquatic systems by wastewaters treatment plants ( Escudero et al, 2021 ), different degradation and removal techniques have been studied and applied, such as photodegradation ( Osawa et al, 2020 ), Fenton ( Lumbaque et al, 2018 ), electrochemical procedures ( Bosio et al, 2021 ), thermal degradation and some other combinations ( Pinto et al, 2018 ; Mitsika et al, 2021 ). However, even though the application of these conventional techniques appears to be effective for the degradation/removal of psychiatric drugs, with some drugs achieving total degradation ( Ferreira et al, 2018 ) by reviewing the most common detection techniques used after transformation reaction, it was observed that is common that many transformation products with adverse toxicological effects are formed ( Lambropoulou et al, 2017 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%