Temperature-Based Prediction of Joint Hardness in TIG Welding of Inconel 600, 625 and 718 Nickel Superalloys

Jamrozik, Wojciech; Górka, Jacek; Kik, Tomasz

doi:10.3390/ma14020442

Cited by 24 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 37 publications

(36 reference statements)

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“…Furthermore, Ramkumar et al [ 48 ] have reported that the poor solubility of Mo in the austenitic matrix due to the large size radius results in segregation of Mo at the inter-dendritic areas as observed from Figure 12 c,g, which facilitates the formation of Mo-enriched Mo 2 C or Laves phase. The formation of the Mo- and Cr-enriched M 23 C 6 phase in the weld metal region has also been reported in previous research [ 49 , 50 , 51 ].…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 83%

Study on Microstructural Characterization, Mechanical Properties and Residual Stress of GTAW Dissimilar Joints of P91 and P22 Steels

et al. 2021

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This article deals with the dissimilar joining of two different grade Cr-Mo steel (2.25Cr-1Mo: P22 and modified 9Cr-1Mo: P91) for power plant application. The dissimilar butt-welded joint was produced for conventional V groove design by using the gas tungsten arc welding (GTAW) process with the application of an ERNiCrMo-3 Ni-based super alloy filler. A microstructure characterization was performed to measure the inhomogeneity in the microstructure and element diffusion across the interface in a welded joint. The experiments were also performed to evaluate the mechanical properties of the dissimilar welded joint in as-welded (AW) and post-weld heat treatment (PWHT) conditions. An acceptable level of the mechanical properties was obtained for the AW joint. After PWHT, a significant level of the element diffusion across the interface of the weld metal and P22 steel was observed, resulting in heterogeneity in microstructure near the interface, which was also supported by the hardness variation. Inhomogeneity in mechanical properties (impact strength and hardness) was measured across the weldments for the AW joint and was reduced after the PWHT. The tensile test results indicate an acceptable level of tensile properties for the welded joint in both AW and PWHT conditions and failure was noticed in the weak region of the P22 steel instead of the weld metal.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 83%

Study on Microstructural Characterization, Mechanical Properties and Residual Stress of GTAW Dissimilar Joints of P91 and P22 Steels

et al. 2021

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“…For this operation, a constant emissivity ε = 0.13 was used. According to previous research, the emissivity of the Inconel 625 alloy is below ε = 0.2 [18]. After additional evaluations, it was found that it is even lower.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 79%

“…Additionally, there is the possibility of grease patches or oxidized zones and spatter that have different (higher) emissivity levels than the base material surface. In [18] this was the case for the water glass used to protect thermocouples from high temperature. These areas are often interpreted as hot spots that are considered damaged zones.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Modelling of temperature distribution in welded joints by the finite element method (FEM) is widely applied. The main way to correlate and bound the simulation results with the experimental ones is the use of contact temperature measurements with the use of thermocouples [18]. It is a convenient method, but it has several drawbacks, such as a limited number of measurement points that can be set up on one workpiece and a small repeatability of thermocouple positioning.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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FEM-Based Thermogram Correction for Inconel 625 Joint Hardness Clustering

et al. 2022

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Assessing the temperature of the joint in on-line mode is a vital task that is demanded to characterize the formations of terns formations that are taking place in a joint and result in reaching necessary properties of the joint. Arc welding generates a high amount of heat that is reflected by the metallic surface of the welded object. In the paper, a temperature measurement credibility increase method is described and evaluated. The proposed method is used to reduce the influence of the reflected temperature of the hot torch and the arc on the temperature distribution observed on the surface of the welded joint using an infrared camera. The elaborated approach is based on comparison between infrared observation of the solidifying weld and precisely performed finite element method (FEM) simulation. The FEM simulations were calibrated according to the geometry of the fusion zone. It allows to precisely model heat source properties. The best-reflected temperature correction map was selected and applied to obtain a temperature representation that differs from the FEM baseline by less than 10 °C. Precise temperature values allowed us to cluster welded joints in 3D feature space (temperature, hardness, linear energy). It was found that by using the k-means clustering method it is possible to distinguish between correct and faulty (in terms of too low mechanical properties) joints.

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“…TIG welding was observed to be a very useful technique for stainless steels, high-carbon steels, nickel-based superalloys, etc. [3][4][5][6]. However, limited productivity of the process, particularly for single pass operations, are always a problem.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimization of Activated Tungsten Inert Gas Welding Process Parameters Using Heat Transfer Search Algorithm: With Experimental Validation Using Case Studies

Vora

Patel

Srinivasan

et al. 2021

Metals

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The Activated Tungsten Inert Gas welding (A-TIG) technique is characterized by its capability to impart enhanced penetration in single pass welding. Weld bead shape achieved by A-TIG welding has a major part in deciding the final quality of the weld. Various machining variables influence the weld bead shape and hence an optimum combination of machining variables is of utmost importance. The current study has reported the optimization of machining variables of A-TIG welding technique by integrating Response Surface Methodology (RSM) with an innovative Heat Transfer Search (HTS) optimization algorithm, particularly for attaining full penetration in 6 mm thick carbon steels. Welding current, length of the arc and torch travel speed were selected as input process parameters, whereas penetration depth, depth-to-width ratio, heat input and width of the heat-affected zone were considered as output variables for the investigations. Using the experimental data, statistical models were generated for the response characteristics. Four different case studies, simulating the real-time fabrication problem, were considered and the optimization was carried out using HTS. Validation tests were also carried out for these case studies and 3D surface plots were generated to confirm the effectiveness of the HTS algorithm. It was found that the HTS algorithm effectively optimized the process parameters and negligible errors were observed when predicted and experimental values compared. HTS algorithm is a parameter-less optimization technique and hence it is easy to implement with higher effectiveness.

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Temperature-Based Prediction of Joint Hardness in TIG Welding of Inconel 600, 625 and 718 Nickel Superalloys

Cited by 24 publications

References 37 publications

Study on Microstructural Characterization, Mechanical Properties and Residual Stress of GTAW Dissimilar Joints of P91 and P22 Steels

Study on Microstructural Characterization, Mechanical Properties and Residual Stress of GTAW Dissimilar Joints of P91 and P22 Steels

FEM-Based Thermogram Correction for Inconel 625 Joint Hardness Clustering

Optimization of Activated Tungsten Inert Gas Welding Process Parameters Using Heat Transfer Search Algorithm: With Experimental Validation Using Case Studies

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