Alteration of transthyretin and thyroxine-binding globulin in major depressive disorder: multiple reaction monitoring-based proteomic analysis

Abstract

Background Major depressive disorder (MDD), common mental disorder, lacks objective diagnostic and prognosis biomarkers. The objective of this study was to perform proteomic analysis to identify proteins with changed expression levels after antidepressant treatment and investigate differences in protein expression between MDD patients and healthy individuals. Methods A total of 111 proteins obtained from literature review were subjected to multiple reaction monitoring (MRM)-based protein quantitation. Finally, seven proteins were quantified for plasma specimens of 10 healthy controls and 78 MDD patients (those at baseline and at 6 weeks after antidepressant treatment of either selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) or mirtazapine). Results Among 78 MDD patients, 35 patients were treated with SSRIs and 43 patients were treated with mirtazapine. Nineteen (54.3%) and 16 (37.2%) patients responded to SSRIs and mirtazapine, respectively. Comparing MDD patients with healthy individuals, alteration of transthyretin was observed in MDD (P = 0.026). A few differences were observed in protein levels related to SSRIs treatment, although they were not statistically significant. Plasma thyroxine-binding globulin (TBG) was different between before and after mirtazapine treatment only in responders (P = 0.007). Conclusions In proteomic analysis of plasma specimens from MDD patients, transthyretin and TBG levels were altered in MDD and changed after antidepressant treatment.

Shared peripheral blood biomarkers for Alzheimer’s disease, major depressive disorder, and type 2 diabetes and cognitive risk factor analysis

“…One study found that serum TTR levels and RBP4/TTR ratio were essential markers of insulin resistance and gestational diabetes [ 78 ]. TTR also showed differentially expressed [ 79 ] in depressed patients, the transthyretin in depressed patients was more less.…”

Task-State Skin Potential Abnormalities Can Distinguish Major Depressive Disorder and Bipolar Depression from Healthy Controls

“…These non-enzymatic antioxidants account for more than 85% of the antioxidant capacity in plasma 34 . Prealbumin, known as transthyretin, which is a carrier protein for the transport of thyroxine and retinol and is also considered a non-enzymatic antioxidant 35 . Oxidative stress, which re ects an imbalance between reactive oxygen species and antioxidant mechanisms, has been suggested to be closely associated with MDD and BD 25 .…”