Bidirectional causal control in the dynamics of handstand balance

Wyatt, Hannah; Vicinanza, D.; Newell, Karl M.; Irwin, Gareth; Williams, Genevieve

doi:10.1038/s41598-020-79730-z

Cited by 7 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…On the other hand, the sEMG amplitude during quiet standing showed very low values, which are in line with existing literature for resting muscle activity during balancing tasks [ 36 ]. In the frequency domain, we found no significant differences between the hand standing and the standing tasks, unlike the study by Wyatt et al 2021, which, instead, showed through a multiple regression that the frequency domain is an excellent predictor of the duration of the handstand equilibrium [ 37 ]. This is a metric that is usually used to identify patterns of fatigue.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 91%

“…This is a metric that is usually used to identify patterns of fatigue. Probably, the five-second window adopted in the present study is too short to cause fatigue [ 38 ]. Secondly, the sample was composed of expert gymnasts which are used to performing the handstand task, therefore preventing any variation in the frequency discharge of the involved muscles [ 11 , 20 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Evaluation of Posturographic and Neuromuscular Parameters during Upright Stance and Hand Standing: A Pilot Study

Thomas

Rossi

Petrigna

et al. 2023

JFMK

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Upright bipedal posture is the physiological human posture; however, it is not the only possible form of human standing; indeed, an inverted position, a handstand, is required during gymnastics or other sports. Thus, this study aimed to understand the differences between the two standing strategies from a postural and neuromuscular perspective. Thirteen gymnasts with at least three years of sports experience underwent a baropodometric assessment and a surface electromyography (sEMG) examination in a standard upright bipodalic stance and during a handstand. The sEMG examination was performed on the gastrocnemius during an upright stance and on the flexor carpi radialis during the handstand. Limb weight distribution presented differences between the two vertical stances (p < 0.01). During the handstand, the weight ratio was prevalently observed on the palm of the hand for both hands with a significant difference between the front and rear aspect of the hand compared to the standing tasks (p < 0.01). Normalized sEMG amplitude showed significant differences during bipedal standing and hand standing; however, over a 5 s period, the normalized median frequency (MDF) value was similar for the two tasks. Both standing tasks presented similar postural weight managing patterns when analysed on the frontal plane, but they were different on the sagittal plane. In addition, the neuromuscular patterns during a 5 s window differ in amplitude but not for the frequency domain.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 91%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of Posturographic and Neuromuscular Parameters during Upright Stance and Hand Standing: A Pilot Study

Thomas

Rossi

Petrigna

et al. 2023

JFMK

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“…More skilled performance is demonstrated by adaptation of reactive rather than anticipatory strategies. Mechanical advantages in mediolateral balance while standing on wider base of support are observed in more skilled athletes than in less ( Wyatt et al, 2021 ). Controlling the mediolateral CoP movement with eyes open is not essential for body stability in the frontal plane in seniors practicing gymnastics ( Puszczałowska-Lizis and Omorczyk, 2019 ).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sport-specific training induced adaptations in postural control and their relationship with athletic performance

Zemková

Kovačíková

2023

Front. Hum. Neurosci.

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Effects of various exercise programs on postural balance control in athletes and their underlying physiological mechanisms have been extensively investigated. However, little is known regarding how challenging sport-specific conditions contribute to the improvement of body balance and to what extent these changes may be explained by sensorimotor and/or neuromuscular function adaptations. Analysis of the literature could provide useful information on the interpretation of changes in postural sway variables in response to long-term sport-specific training and their association with performance measures. Therefore, the aim of this scoping review was (1) to analyze the literature investigating postural control adaptations induced by sport-specific training and their relationship with measures of athletic performance, and (2) to identify gaps in the existing research and to propose suggestions for future studies. A literature search conducted with Scopus, Web of Science, MEDLINE and Cochrane Library was completed by Elsevier, SpringerLink and Google Scholar with no date restrictions. Overall, 126 articles were eligible for inclusion. However, the association between variables of postural balance control and measures of sport-specific performance was investigated in only 14 of the articles. A relationship between static and/or dynamic balance and criterion measures of athletic performance was revealed in shooting, archery, golf, baseball, ice-hockey, tennis, and snowboarding. This may be ascribed to improved ability of athletes to perform postural adjustments in highly balanced task demands. However, the extent to which sport-specific exercises contribute to their superior postural stability is unknown. Although there is a good deal of evidence supporting neurophysiological adaptations in postural balance control induced by body conditioning exercises, little effort has been made to explain balance adaptations induced by sport-specific exercises and their effects on athletic performance. While an enhancement in athletic performance is often attributed to an improvement of neuromuscular functions induced by sport-specific balance exercises, it can be equally well ascribed to their improvement by general body conditioning exercises. Therefore, the relevant experiments have yet to be conducted to investigate the relative contributions of each of these exercises to improving athletic performance.

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“…For instance, athletes exhibit postural control in sports demanding relatively swift throwing capabilities (e.g., handball and tennis), showing pronounced temporal correlations in CoP fluctuations ( Caballero et al, 2020 ; Caballero et al, 2021 ). Athletes with elevated CoP fractal dimensions along the AP axis show greater flexibility in making more sparing use of vision while finding their execution of intricate posture-motor tasks more so on proprioception ( Borzucka et al, 2020 ; Wyatt et al, 2021 ). In experimentation using galvanic vestibular stimulation (GVS) to destabilize posture, temporal correlations in CoP correlate inversely with the likelihood of post-GVS falls ( Van den Hoorn et al, 2018 ); gymnastics practice counteracts postural control disruption caused by GVS ( Hopper et al, 2014 ; Maitre and Paillard, 2016 ), although these adaptations tend to be very specific and the transfer effect is limited ( Asseman et al, 2004 ; Asseman et al, 2008 ; Paillard, 2017 ; Paillard, 2019 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Postural control in gymnasts: anisotropic fractal scaling reveals proprioceptive reintegration in vestibular perturbation

Mangalam,

Seleznov,

Kolosova

et al. 2024

Front. Netw. Physiol.

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Dexterous postural control subtly complements movement variability with sensory correlations at many scales. The expressive poise of gymnasts exemplifies this lyrical punctuation of release with constraint, from coarse grain to fine scales. Dexterous postural control upon a 2D support surface might collapse the variation of center of pressure (CoP) to a relatively 1D orientation—a direction often oriented towards the focal point of a visual task. Sensory corrections in dexterous postural control might manifest in temporal correlations, specifically as fractional Brownian motions whose differences are more and less correlated with fractional Gaussian noises (fGns) with progressively larger and smaller Hurst exponent H. Traditional empirical work examines this arrangement of lower-dimensional compression of CoP along two orthogonal axes, anteroposterior (AP) and mediolateral (ML). Eyes-open and face-forward orientations cultivate greater variability along AP than ML axes, and the orthogonal distribution of spatial variability has so far gone hand in hand with an orthogonal distribution of H, for example, larger in AP and lower in ML. However, perturbing the orientation of task focus might destabilize the postural synergy away from its 1D distribution and homogenize the temporal correlations across the 2D support surface, resulting in narrower angles between the directions of the largest and smallest H. We used oriented fractal scaling component analysis (OFSCA) to investigate whether sensory corrections in postural control might thus become suborthogonal. OFSCA models raw 2D CoP trajectory by decomposing it in all directions along the 2D support surface and fits the directions with the largest and smallest H. We studied a sample of gymnasts in eyes-open and face-forward quiet posture, and results from OFSCA confirm that such posture exhibits the classic orthogonal distribution of temporal correlations. Head-turning resulted in a simultaneous decrease in this angle Δθ, which promptly reversed once gymnasts reoriented their heads forward. However, when vision was absent, there was only a discernible negative trend in Δθ, indicating a shift in the angle’s direction but not a statistically significant one. Thus, the narrowing of Δθ may signify an adaptive strategy in postural control. The swift recovery of Δθ upon returning to a forward-facing posture suggests that the temporary reduction is specific to head-turning and does not impose a lasting burden on postural control. Turning the head reduced the angle between these two orientations, facilitating the release of postural degrees of freedom towards a more uniform spread of the CoP across both dimensions of the support surface. The innovative aspect of this work is that it shows how fractality might serve as a control parameter of adaptive mechanisms of dexterous postural control.

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Bidirectional causal control in the dynamics of handstand balance

Cited by 7 publications

References 29 publications

Evaluation of Posturographic and Neuromuscular Parameters during Upright Stance and Hand Standing: A Pilot Study

Evaluation of Posturographic and Neuromuscular Parameters during Upright Stance and Hand Standing: A Pilot Study

Sport-specific training induced adaptations in postural control and their relationship with athletic performance

Postural control in gymnasts: anisotropic fractal scaling reveals proprioceptive reintegration in vestibular perturbation

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