Potential Role of Zinc in the COVID-19 Disease Process and its Probable Impact on Reproduction

Sethuram, Ramya; Bai, David; Abu-Soûd, Husam M.

doi:10.1007/s43032-020-00400-6

Cited by 14 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 54 publications

(49 reference statements)

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“…Clinical examination and consultation are recommended in patients in the recovery period before they plan parenthood. For the recovery of fertility after exposure to SARS-CoV-2, zinc supplementation seems to have a positive effect ( Sethuram et al, 2021 ).…”

Section: The Possible Effects Of Covid-19 On Recovered Male Patientsmentioning

confidence: 99%

COVID-19 and Male Reproduction: A Thorny Problem

Chen

Geng

et al. 2022

Am J Mens Health

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With the global epidemic of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and the increasing number of infections, little is known about how SARS-CoV-2 affects the male reproductive system during infection or after recovery. Based on the existing research data, we reviewed the effects of SARS-CoV-2 on the male reproductive system and discussed its possible mechanism of action. SARS-CoV-2 enters host cells through the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2)/transmembrane serine protease 2 (TMPRSS2) pathway, and males are more susceptible than females. After infection, immunopathological damage is noticed in the testicles, and the semen index is significantly reduced. Second, abnormalities of serum follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), and testosterone (T) levels were also observed, suggesting that there may be dysfunction of the hypothalamic–pituitary–gonadal (HPG) axis. Even after recovery, the effect of SARS-CoV-2 on the male reproductive system can last for at least a period. There are still many unresolved questions about the effect of SARS-CoV-2 infection on the male reproductive tract. Other receptors involved during the invasion of human cells by SARS-CoV-2 remain to be identified. Will the mutation of SARS-CoV-2 increase the diversity of receptors? How does SARS-CoV-2 affect the HPG axis? The long-term effects of SARS-CoV-2 on the male reproductive system remain to be evaluated. SARS-CoV-2 infection can affect male reproductive function. Standard treatment strategies should be developed in time to protect the fertility of infected patients. For recovered patients with fertility requirements, fertility assessments should be performed and professional fertility guidance should be provided at the same time.

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Section: The Possible Effects Of Covid-19 On Recovered Male Patientsmentioning

confidence: 99%

COVID-19 and Male Reproduction: A Thorny Problem

Chen

Geng

et al. 2022

Am J Mens Health

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“…This review is an extension and continuation of our previous work [ 1 , 31 ], and differentiates from other reports on the subject, in that it discusses the ability of HOCl, the final product of MPO, to mediate the destruction of tetrapyrrole rings and the subsequent effects such as oxygen deficiency and hypoxia, vitamin B12 deficiency, NO deficiency, and the release of corresponding free metal. Also, this review unveils the mechanisms by which melatonin's actions as an antioxidant can be beneficial in preventing these effects thereby reducing dire outcomes through prevention of the pathophysiological consequences of SARS-CoV-2.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 87%

Melatonin interferes with COVID-19 at several distinct ROS-related steps

Camp

Bai

Gonullu

et al. 2021

Journal of Inorganic Biochemistry

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Recent studies have shown a correlation between COVID-19, caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection, and the distinct, exaggerated immune response titled “cytokine storm”. This immune response leads to excessive production and accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) that cause clinical signs characteristic of COVID-19 such as decreased oxygen saturation, alteration of hemoglobin properties, decreased nitric oxide (NO) bioavailability, vasoconstriction, elevated cytokines, cardiac and/or renal injury, enhanced D-dimer, leukocytosis, and an increased neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio. Particularly, neutrophil myeloperoxidase (MPO) is thought to be especially abundant and, as a result, contributes substantially to oxidative stress and the pathophysiology of COVID-19. Conversely, melatonin, a potent MPO inhibitor, has been noted for its anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidative, anti-apoptotic, and neuroprotective actions. Melatonin has been proposed as a safe therapeutic agent for COVID-19 recently, having been given with a US Food and Drug Administration emergency authorized cocktail, REGEN-COV2, for management of COVID-19 progression. This review distinctly highlights both how the destructive interactions of HOCl with tetrapyrrole rings may contribute to oxygen deficiency and hypoxia, vitamin B12 deficiency, NO deficiency, increased oxidative stress, and sleep disturbance, as well as how melatonin acts to prevent these events, thereby improving COVID-19 prognosis.

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“…It may be work as a primary antioxidant through the ability to detoxify the generation of free radicals or as a secondary antioxidant through the capacity to reform the damage of free radical components tissue. Zinc's Potential Role in COVID-19 Disease and its Potential Impact on Reproduction as shown in Figure 6 [23].…”

Section: Minerals Like Zinc (Zn)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Heart and Chevron observe that zinc has competed actively with Iron and copper in the cellular system of certain site-specific oxidative injury. Through Haber Weiss reaction zinc can antagonize the catalytic properties of these metals' redox-active transition, with esteem to their capacity to promote the formation of •OH and other free radicals from H 2 O 2 and superoxide (O 2 -) [23].…”

Section: Antagonism Of Redox-active Transition Metalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antioxidants and Their Role in Preventing Diseases: A Review

Hassan

Al-Zuhairi

Ibrahim

2022

EJMS

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Antioxidants are natural materials that may delay or stop some kinds of hurt in cells. Many foodstuffs have antioxidants, such as fruits and vegetables. Even though the reactions of oxidation are critical for life, but can also be harmful; vegetation and faunae preserve multifaceted systems of various types of antioxidants, for example, vitamin C, vitamin E, and vitamin A besides enzymes like superoxide dismutase, catalase and many peroxides. The most important antioxidant source that protected ancient peoples from the harm caused by free radicals was old-style herbal remedies and dietetic diets. In addition, it is broadly utilized in dietetic supplements and have been studied for their potential to prevent diseases such as tumors and coronary heart disease. Although preliminary research suggested that antioxidant supplements could be beneficial to one’s health. Furthermore, clinical trials of antioxidant supplements containing beta-carotene, vitamin A, and vitamin E alone or in various combinations show that supplementation has no effect on the rate or may even increase it. Antioxidants are also used in the food industry as food additives and cosmetics, as well as to prevent rubber and fuel degradation.

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Potential Role of Zinc in the COVID-19 Disease Process and its Probable Impact on Reproduction

Cited by 14 publications

References 54 publications

COVID-19 and Male Reproduction: A Thorny Problem

COVID-19 and Male Reproduction: A Thorny Problem

Melatonin interferes with COVID-19 at several distinct ROS-related steps

Antioxidants and Their Role in Preventing Diseases: A Review

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