Associations of low-carbohydrate and low-fat intakes with all-cause mortality in subjects with prediabetes with and without insulin resistance

Lee, Chia-Lin; Liu, Wei-Ju; Wang, Jun‐Sing

doi:10.1016/j.clnu.2020.12.019

Cited by 8 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…One systematic review was also identified, but that paper also did not report on the isolated link between a "low-carbohydrate" diet and health outcomes [151]. The remaining papers based their findings on cohorts from Japan [152], Sweden [153], the United Kingdom [154], and the United States [155][156][157][158][159][160]. In these 9 papers, "lowcarbohydrate," as a percent of total energy, is defined as follows (listed in order of the citations in the previous sentence): 53% (Japan), 40% (Sweden), 40.9% (United Kingdom).…”

Section: Low-carbohydrate Diets and Mortality Outcomesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Alternative Dietary Patterns for Americans: Low-Carbohydrate Diets

et al. 2021

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The decades-long dietary experiment embodied in the Dietary Guidelines for Americans (DGA) focused on limiting fat, especially saturated fat, and higher carbohydrate intake has coincided with rapidly escalating epidemics of obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2D) that are contributing to the progression of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and other diet-related chronic diseases. Moreover, the lack of flexibility in the DGA as it pertains to low carbohydrate approaches does not align with the contemporary trend toward precision nutrition. We argue that personalizing the level of dietary carbohydrate should be a high priority based on evidence that Americans have a wide spectrum of metabolic variability in their tolerance to high carbohydrate loads. Obesity, metabolic syndrome, and T2D are conditions strongly associated with insulin resistance, a condition exacerbated by increased dietary carbohydrate and improved by restricting carbohydrate. Low-carbohydrate diets are grounded across the time-span of human evolution, have well-established biochemical principles, and are now supported by multiple clinical trials in humans that demonstrate consistent improvements in multiple established risk factors associated with insulin resistance and cardiovascular disease. The American Diabetes Association (ADA) recently recognized a low carbohydrate eating pattern as an effective approach for patients with diabetes. Despite this evidence base, low-carbohydrate diets are not reflected in the DGA. As the DGA Dietary Patterns have not been demonstrated to be universally effective in addressing the needs of many Americans and recognizing the lack of widely available treatments for obesity, metabolic syndrome, and T2D that are safe, effective, and sustainable, the argument for an alternative, low-carbohydrate Dietary Pattern is all the more compelling.

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Section: Low-carbohydrate Diets and Mortality Outcomesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Alternative Dietary Patterns for Americans: Low-Carbohydrate Diets

et al. 2021

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“…As the most concerned and modifiable factor, dietary intake plays a significant role in human health (5,8,9). Findings from prior studies have demonstrated that several pro-inflammatory dietary components (e.g., fat and carbohydrate) were associated with increased risk of IR and also other poor health conditions (8)(9)(10), while other anti-inflammatory nutrients (e.g., fiber) may have protective effects on health conditions (11). However, it may be difficult to capture the overall effects of diet on health by studying the relationship of single nutrient with diseases.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Associations of Dietary Inflammatory Index With Prediabetes and Insulin Resistance

Shu

Wang

et al. 2022

Front. Endocrinol.

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Background and AimsPrevious studies suggested that dietary inflammatory index (DII) was associated with a variety of adverse health conditions. However, less is known about the role of DII in prediabetes and insulin resistance (IR). Therefore, this study aimed to investigate whether DII is associated with prediabetes and IR in American adults.Method and ResultsDII scores were calculated using the average of two 24-hour dietary recalls. Linear regression models were performed to evaluate the associations of DII with markers of Type 2 diabetes (T2D) risk, and the associations of DII with prediabetes and IR were estimated using logistic regression model. The diet of the participants showed an anti-inflammatory potential, with a mean DII score of −0.14 (range: −5.83 to +5.32). After controlling for multiple potential confounders, DII scores were positively associated with fasting plasma glucose (FPG) (β: 0.009; 95%CI: 0.005 to 0.012), fasting serum insulin (FSI) (β: 0.083; 95%CI: 0.067 to 0.099) and homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) (β: 0.092; 95%CI: 0.075 to 0.109). Participants in the highest tertile of DII score have increased odds of prediabetes (OR: 1.40; 95%CI: 1.17 to 1.69; P for trend <0.001) and IR (OR: 1.79; 95%CI: 1.49 to 2.14; P for trend <0.001) compared with those in the first tertile of DII score.ConclusionsThis study indicates that DII was positively associated with FPG, FSI, and HOMA-IR, and a more pro-inflammatory diet was related to increased odds of insulin resistant and prediabetes.

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“…The respective rates were 17.1%, 47.5%, and 35.4% in those with a higher intake of red/processed meat. An increase in carbohydrate intake may be associated with a higher risk of mortality [46]. We speculate that limited red meat intake in patients with heart failure might lead to inadequate protein intake, and possibly an increase in carbohydrate consumption, both of which could be associated with unfavorable outcomes in susceptible populations (e.g., patients with heart failure, the elderly, etc.)…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…[47][48][49]. The trade-off between a decrease in protein and an increase in carbohydrate might have even more impacts on participants with diabetes, obesity, or chronic kidney disease [46,50], while a discrepancy between men and women regarding the outcomes cannot be excluded [51]. Whether replacement of animal protein with plant protein may improve survival [52] in patients with heart failure merits further investigation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association of Adherence to the Mediterranean Diet with All-Cause Mortality in Subjects with Heart Failure

et al. 2022

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We investigated the associations of adherence to the Mediterranean diet with all-cause and cardiovascular mortality in patients with heart failure. We analyzed the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) participants from 1999 to 2010, with their vital status confirmed through to the end of 2011. The alternate Mediterranean Diet Index (aMED) was used to assess study participants’ adherence to the Mediterranean diet according to information on dietary questionnaires. We conducted weighted Cox proportional hazards regression models to determine the associations of adherence to the Mediterranean diet (aMED ≥ median vs. <median) with all-cause and cardiovascular mortality in participants with a history of heart failure. A total of 832 participants were analyzed, and the median aMED was 3. After a median follow-up of 4.7 years, 319 participants had died. aMED ≥ 3 (vs. <3) was not associated with a lower risk of all-cause (adjusted HR 0.797, 95% CI 0.599–1.059, p = 0.116) and cardiovascular (adjusted HR 0.911, 95% CI 0.539–1.538, p = 0.724) mortality. The findings were consistent across several subgroup populations. Among the components of aMED, a lower intake of red/processed meat was associated with a higher risk of mortality (adjusted HR 1.406, 95% CI 1.011–1.955, p = 0.043). We concluded that adherence to the Mediterranean diet was not associated with a lower risk of all-cause and cardiovascular mortality in participants with a history of heart failure. The higher risk of mortality associated with a lower intake of red/processed meat deserves further investigation.

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Associations of low-carbohydrate and low-fat intakes with all-cause mortality in subjects with prediabetes with and without insulin resistance

Cited by 8 publications

References 48 publications

Alternative Dietary Patterns for Americans: Low-Carbohydrate Diets

Alternative Dietary Patterns for Americans: Low-Carbohydrate Diets

Associations of Dietary Inflammatory Index With Prediabetes and Insulin Resistance

Association of Adherence to the Mediterranean Diet with All-Cause Mortality in Subjects with Heart Failure

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