Chitinase involved in immune regulation by mediated the toll pathway of crustacea Procambarus clarkii

Liu, Min; Chen, Chen; Wu, Qing; Chen, Jiale; Dai, Li-Shang; Chu, Sheng Hui; Liu, Qiu-Ning

doi:10.1016/j.fsi.2020.12.015

Cited by 12 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…Although the chitinase has widely different functions involved in digestion, molting processes, defense/immunity and growth/development (Kim et al 2016), accumulating evidence in many invertebrates shows that the chitinase and chitinase-like protein are actively implicated in innate immunity as an immune effector or immune modulator (Liu et al 2021). In a cnidarian, a chitinase has been reported to exhibit a dual role in pattern formation and immunity, based on its expression pattern in the basal portion of the polyp, the likely origin for most pathogens (Mali et al 2004).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Very recently, a crustacean chitinase gene, PcChitinase 2, was unequally transcribed in different tissues with showing the major expression in hepatopancreas and its expression was significantly upregulated by the challenge with lipolysaccharide or peptidoglycan. In addition, the knockout of the PcChitinase 2 gene increased the expression of most Tollpathway-related immune genes, suggesting that this chitinase 2 may be involved in the innate immune responses by modulating the toll pathway (Liu et al 2021). In insect, Glossina morsitans, fat body-specific chitinase gene may have a role in immune defense against chitin-containing pathogens.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Transcriptional upregulation of multiple earthworm chitinase genes following bacterial challenge suggests their implications in innate immunity

et al. 2021

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Background Chitinase is a multi-functional enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of β-1,4-linkages between N-acetylglucosamines (GlcNAc) in chitin. Recent studies imply that earthworm chitinase is implicated in self-defense immunity against chitin-containing pathogens. However, a direct relationship of earthworm chitinase with innate immunity has not yet been established. Objective In this study, earthworm (Eisenia andrei) chitinase expression was examined following bacterial challenge by Bacillus subtilis. Methods RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) and real-time quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) were used to quantitatively evaluate mRNA expression changes in response to bacterial stimulation. Results Multiple chitinase-related mRNAs were found to be upregulated, among which EaChi3, EaChi4, and EaChi2 were upregulated by approximately eightfold, eightfold, and 2.5-fold, respectively. This strongly suggested that earthworm chitinases may act as inducible humoral effectors in earthworm innate immunity. The primary structures of all three chitinases contained an N-terminal glycol_18 domain with two chitin-binding and chitin-catalyzing domains, and a C-terminal proline, glycine, serine, threonine (PGST)-rich domain. In addition, EaChi2 had a chitin-binding peritrophin-A domain at the end of the C-terminus with 5 cysteine residues possibly contributing two intradomain disulfide bonds. Multiple sequence alignment of the catalytic domain centers of glycol_18 domain displayed highly conserved chitin-binding and chitin-catalyzing domains in which three essential amino acid residues (D, D, E) for catalyzing activity are well conserved except EaChi4. The critical glutamic acid (E) residue was substituted for glutamine (Q) in EaChi4 indicating that it is devoid of catalytic activity. Conclusions To our knowledge, this is the first report providing direct evidence that multiple earthworm chitinases are bacteria-responsive, strongly suggesting that earthworm chitinases are inducible humoral effectors in earthworm innate immunity. In addition, our results possibly suggest that earthworm EaChi4 may function as a pattern recognition molecule modulating the downstream immune pathway.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transcriptional upregulation of multiple earthworm chitinase genes following bacterial challenge suggests their implications in innate immunity

et al. 2021

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Effect of feed restriction and refeeding on body condition, digestive functionality and intestinal microbiota in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)

Messina

Iacumin

Pascon

et al. 2023

Fish Physiol Biochem

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The aim of the present work was to investigate the influence of fasting and refeeding on body condition, gut physiology and microbiota in reared O. mykiss. Ninety-six fish were randomly allotted among three groups subjected to different feeding plan: C (control, fed for 5 weeks); R (restricted ration over 3 weeks followed by 2 weeks feeding); F (fasted over 3 weeks followed by 2 weeks feeding) in a well’s fresh water flow-through rearing plan. Sampling occurred at 0, 1, 2, 4, 7, 14 days during the refeeding period. At day 0 and throughout the feeding period until day 14, the weight of the fish was significantly affected by the feeding restriction. Feed deprivation reduced significantly the viscerosomatic and hepatosomatic indexes. Brush border membrane enzymes’ specific activity was modulated by feeding regimes until day 7, to level in all experimental groups at day 14. At the end of the restricted/fasted period, the microbiota of the C group was made up of 70% of Actinobacteria, 24% of Proteobacteria, 4.2% of Firmicutes and < 1% of Bacteroides, while the restricted and fasted group were characterized by a strong reduction of Actinobacteria, and a significant increase in Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes. The feed deprivation determined a dysbiosis, allowing the development of different commensal or pathogenic bacteria. In conclusion, the effects of 2 weeks of feed deprivation, excluding those related to body weight, are gradually mitigated by refeeding, which allows the restoration of digestive functions and a healthy intestinal microbiota.

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Streptomyces griseus Versus Trichoderma viride Chitinase as an Anti-inflammatory and Antifungal Agent Against Human Pathogenic Fungi

Abdelraouf,

Al-Hazmi,

Naguib

2024

Indian J Microbiol

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Chitinase involved in immune regulation by mediated the toll pathway of crustacea Procambarus clarkii

Cited by 12 publications

References 37 publications

Transcriptional upregulation of multiple earthworm chitinase genes following bacterial challenge suggests their implications in innate immunity

Transcriptional upregulation of multiple earthworm chitinase genes following bacterial challenge suggests their implications in innate immunity

Effect of feed restriction and refeeding on body condition, digestive functionality and intestinal microbiota in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)

Streptomyces griseus Versus Trichoderma viride Chitinase as an Anti-inflammatory and Antifungal Agent Against Human Pathogenic Fungi

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