Cognitive reserve hypothesis in frontotemporal dementia: A FDG-PET study

Beyer, Leonie; Meyer-Wilmes, Johanna; Schönecker, Sonja; Schnabel, Jonas; Sauerbeck, Julia; Scheifele, Maximilian; Prix, Catharina; Catak, Cihan; Pogarell, Oliver; Palleis, Carla; Perneczky, Robert; Danek, Adrian; Büerger, Katharina; Bartenstein, Peter; Levin, Johannes; Rominger, Axel; Ewers, Michael; Brendel, Matthias

doi:10.1016/j.nicl.2020.102535

Cited by 19 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…This concept has been investigated in greater detail in FTD, but similar themes are also emerging in ALS. The level of cognitive reserve appears to predict cognitive performance and the degree of brain imaging abnormalities (290)(291)(292). These observations suggest that patient-specific factors influence the chronology of clinically evident symptoms.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Frontotemporal Pathology in Motor Neuron Disease Phenotypes: Insights From Neuroimaging

et al. 2021

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Frontotemporal involvement has been extensively investigated in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) but remains relatively poorly characterized in other motor neuron disease (MND) phenotypes such as primary lateral sclerosis (PLS), progressive muscular atrophy (PMA), spinal muscular atrophy (SMA), spinal bulbar muscular atrophy (SBMA), post poliomyelitis syndrome (PPS), and hereditary spastic paraplegia (HSP). This review focuses on insights from structural, metabolic, and functional neuroimaging studies that have advanced our understanding of extra-motor disease burden in these phenotypes. The imaging literature is limited in the majority of these conditions and frontotemporal involvement has been primarily evaluated by neuropsychology and post mortem studies. Existing imaging studies reveal that frontotemporal degeneration can be readily detected in ALS and PLS, varying degree of frontotemporal pathology may be captured in PMA, SBMA, and HSP, SMA exhibits cerebral involvement without regional predilection, and there is limited evidence for cerebral changes in PPS. Our review confirms the heterogeneity extra-motor pathology across the spectrum of MNDs and highlights the role of neuroimaging in characterizing anatomical patterns of disease burden in vivo. Despite the contribution of neuroimaging to MND research, sample size limitations, inclusion bias, attrition rates in longitudinal studies, and methodological constraints need to be carefully considered. Frontotemporal involvement is a quintessential clinical facet of MND which has important implications for screening practices, individualized management strategies, participation in clinical trials, caregiver burden, and resource allocation. The academic relevance of imaging frontotemporal pathology in MND spans from the identification of genetic variants, through the ascertainment of presymptomatic changes to the design of future epidemiology studies.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Frontotemporal Pathology in Motor Neuron Disease Phenotypes: Insights From Neuroimaging

et al. 2021

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“…The process of knowledge acquisition is also a process of brain development, and a good education means a better cognitive reserve (Borroni et al 2009;Rodriguez et al 2019;Rouillard et al 2017). A recent study explored the association between education level and [ 18 F]-fluorodeoxyglucose positron-emission-tomography (FDG-PET) hypometabolism (Beyer et al 2021). This corroborated the association between high education level and relatively high cognitive performance.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 87%

Alcohol consumption, poor lifestyle choices, and air pollution worsen cognitive function in seniors: a cohort study in China

Han

Jia

2021

Environ Sci Pollut Res

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Based on the complexity of cognitive-related influences and the specificity of Chinese liquor culture, this study aimed to explore the associations and potential interactions between demographic characteristics, alcohol consumption, life and atmospheric environment, and cognitive function in seniors through a comprehensive analysis, in order to provide evidence support and feasible recommendations. The study sample was selected from the Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey, which included 40,583 seniors aged 65-115 years. Data analysis and processing were performed by R 4.0.4. The relationship between the factors and cognition was modeled and analyzed by generalized additive model, and the interaction was explored by combining the ANOVA. The generalized additive model confirmed that alcohol consumption was detrimental to the cognitive status of older adults, especially for liquor (≥ 38°) and beer. The higher the average daily alcohol consumption, the greater the impairment. SO 2 and PM 2.5 showed the same negative effects. In contrast, life environment factors such as good education, balanced diet, and positive activity participation had a positive effect on cognition in seniors. In addition, interactions between alcohol consumption and average daily alcohol consumption, frequency of vegetable and meat intake, and between open-air activities, and air pollution were also confirmed. Poor lifestyle choices such as alcohol consumption, unbalanced diet, lower activity participation, and air pollution deteriorate cognitive function in seniors. It is recommended that the elderly population should avoid alcohol consumption, maintain a balanced diet, and be physically active. Attention should also be paid to the effects of air quality.

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“…Using this concept, people whose cognitive performance is superior to the predicted by the pathology have a high reserve, whereas people who perform poorer than predicted have a low reserve [85]. This framework has been helpful as an index in several studies [33,35,49,86]. However, one weakness of this method is that the residual may result from a mixture of random prediction error, and then a portion of the variable could be attributed to reserve.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Sharp and Gatz have suggested that "education is best described as a proxy for a trajectory of life events… that either increase or decrease an individual's risk for dementia" [36]. Furthermore, as Beyer et al point out, years of education is not the only proxy that has been recognised to assess cognitive reserve [49]; other factors such as occupation and life activities have been recognised as contributors to the overall reserve of a person [43,87]. Livingston et al in the Lancet Commission on dementia also explained that cognitive reserve is changeable, and it uses proxy measures such as residual approach, education, the complexity of occupation, and life activities [88][89][90].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, the current research results are uncertain if education postsecondary school gives additional protective reserve [5], whilst other life experiences such as bilingualism also may be protective considering this a cognitive activity [48]. A recent study in 2021 by Beyer et al concluded that in patients with frontotemporal dementia (FTD), education level predicts existing hypometabolism at the same cognition level, supporting the theory of CR also in this type of dementia [49].…”

Section: Cognitive Reservementioning

confidence: 90%

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Education and Environment Dementia Risk Factors: A Literature Review

Gallistl

2022

J. Intellect. Disabl. Diagn. Treat.

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Introduction and Background: Dementia has many different causes. Dementia is considered a multifactorial disease; hence the interplay between factors for every case is a complex study. Early and recent reviews had recognised several risk factors associated with dementia in general and with AD specifically. The most studied risk factors include genetics, increasing age, education, environment, and brain injuries. This review aims to give readers access to the latest research on the educational and environmental risk factors of dementia by selecting recent high-quality resources and summarising them in this review. Methods: The current article is a narrative review of broad literature research. Results and Discussion: The comprehensive examination of evidence supports the following. First, low education can be considered a relevant risk factor for developing dementia, although the operationalisation of "low education" is still unclear in many studies. The mechanisms of "cognitive reserve" have an important implication in the relationships between education and dementia, and this has been studied with limitations in people with intellectual disorders. Second, air pollution is now considered a dementia risk factor with plenty of evidence concerning PM2.5 but less conclusive evidence regarding single gaseous pollutants because of the “multi-exposure response.” Conclusion: The considerable body of research points towards an association between these risk factors and dementia prevalence. Low- and middle-income countries will benefit from prioritising child education for all since education is one of the major risk factors for dementia and a wide variety of health disparities.

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Cognitive reserve hypothesis in frontotemporal dementia: A FDG-PET study

Cited by 19 publications

References 41 publications

Frontotemporal Pathology in Motor Neuron Disease Phenotypes: Insights From Neuroimaging

Frontotemporal Pathology in Motor Neuron Disease Phenotypes: Insights From Neuroimaging

Alcohol consumption, poor lifestyle choices, and air pollution worsen cognitive function in seniors: a cohort study in China

Education and Environment Dementia Risk Factors: A Literature Review

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