Improved resource allocation and stabilization of yield under abiotic stress

Keller, Isabel; Rodrigues, Cristina Martins; Neuhaus, H. Ekkehard; Pommerrenig, Benjamin

doi:10.1016/j.jplph.2020.153336

Cited by 27 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 155 publications

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“…This is because these compounds have second-order rate constants for detoxification of hydroxyl radicals that are higher than those of common antioxidants, such as ascorbate or glutathione (Nishizawa-Yokoi et al, 2008). Moreover, high concentrations of these metabolites have been shown to stabilize ascorbate and glutathione concentrations, which are involved in detoxification of ROS (Nishizawa-Yokoi et al, 2008;Keller et al, 2021).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cold-Triggered Induction of ROS- and Raffinose Metabolism in Freezing-Sensitive Taproot Tissue of Sugar Beet

et al. 2021

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Sugar beet (Beta vulgaris subsp. vulgaris) is the exclusive source of sugar in the form of sucrose in temperate climate zones. Sugar beet is grown there as an annual crop from spring to autumn because of the damaging effect of freezing temperatures to taproot tissue. A collection of hybrid and non-hybrid sugar beet cultivars was tested for winter survival rates and freezing tolerance. Three genotypes with either low or high winter survival rates were selected for detailed study of their response to frost. These genotypes differed in the severity of frost injury in a defined inner region in the upper part of the taproot, the so-called pith. We aimed to elucidate genotype- and tissue-dependent molecular processes during freezing and combined analyses of sugar beet anatomy and physiology with transcriptomic and metabolite profiles of leaf and taproot tissues at low temperatures. Freezing temperatures induced strong downregulation of photosynthesis in leaves, generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), and ROS-related gene expression in taproots. Simultaneously, expression of genes involved in raffinose metabolism, as well as concentrations of raffinose and its intermediates, increased markedly in both leaf and taproot tissue at low temperatures. The accumulation of raffinose in the pith tissue correlated with freezing tolerance of the three genotypes. We discuss a protective role for raffinose and its precursors against freezing damage of sugar beet taproot tissue.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cold-Triggered Induction of ROS- and Raffinose Metabolism in Freezing-Sensitive Taproot Tissue of Sugar Beet

et al. 2021

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“…Overall, concentrations of sucrose were highest in the heterotrophic tissues, whereas concentrations of the monosaccharides glucose and fructose were highest in the leaves (Supplemental Figure S3). This pattern was expected, as sucrose is the main storage carbohydrate of taproots (Giaquinta, 1979;Rodrigues et al, 2021). The pith tissue harbored intermediate concentrations of both, monosaccharides and sucrose, as -in contrast to the storage parenchyma -it is not directly supplied with sucrose by the phloem.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 59%

“…Accumulation of galactinol and raffinose on the other hand, can diminish those harmful effects of ROS. This is because, high levels of these metabolites were shown to stabilize ascorbate and glutathione concentrations, which are involved in detoxification of ROS concentrations (Keller et al, 2021;Nishizawa-Yokoi et al, 2008). Furthermore, galactinol and raffinose show secondorder rate constants for detoxification of hydroxyl radicals higher than those of common antioxidants like ascorbate or glutathione (Nishizawa-Yokoi et al, 2008).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cold-triggered induction of ROS- and raffinose-related metabolism in freezing-sensitive taproot tissue of sugar beet

Keller

Müdsam

Rodrigues

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Sugar beet (Beta vulgaris subsp. vulgaris ) is the exclusive source of sugar in the form of sucrose in temperate climate zones. There, sugar beet is grown as an annual crop from spring to autumn because of the damaging effect of freezing temperatures to taproot tissue. Natural and breeded varieties display variance in the degree of tolerance to freezing temperatures and genotypes with elevated tolerance to freezing have been isolated. Here we compare initial responses to frost between genotypes with either low and high winter survival rates. The selected genotypes differed in the severity of frost injury. We combined transcriptomic and metabolite analyses of leaf- and taproot tissues from such genotypes to elucidate mechanisms of the early freezing response and to dissect genotype- and tissue-dependent responses. Freezing temperatures induced drastic downregulation of photosynthesis-related genes in leaves but upregulation of genes related to minor carbohydrate metabolism, particularly of genes involved in raffinose metabolism in both, leaf and taproot tissue. In agreement with this, it has been revealed that raffinose and the corresponding intermediates, inositol and galactinol, increased markedly in these tissues. We found that genotypes with improved tolerance to freezing, showed higher accumulation of raffinose in a defined interior region within the upper part of the taproot, the pith, representing the tissue most susceptible to freeze damages. This accumulation was accompanied by specific upregulation of raffinose synthesizing enzymes in taproots, suggesting a protective role for raffinose and its precursors for freezing damage in sugar beet.

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“…Furthermore, plants likely require additional copies of these protein synthesis genes for stress responses to produce significant immunity or defense products, as is the case for GR A. palmeri [1]. For example, transmembrane transport has been shown to plays an important role in adaptation of Arabidopsis to metalliferous soils [45], resource allocation and sensing under plant abiotic stress [46][47][48] and were enriched on GS Palmer amaranth eccDNA. Fatty acid biosynthesis is another category of enriched genes on GS eccDNA which has been implicated in signaling and plant defense to pathogens [49,50].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sequence characterization of eccDNA content in glyphosate sensitive and resistant Palmer amaranth from geographically distant populations

Camposano

Saski

Molin

2021

Preprint

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The discovery of non-chromosomal circular DNA offers new directions in linking genome structure with function in plant biology. Glyphosate resistance through EPSPS gene copy amplification in Palmer amaranth was due to an autonomously replicating extra-chromosomal circular DNA mechanism (eccDNA). CIDER-Seq analysis of geographically distant glyphosate sensitive (GS) and resistant (GR) Palmer Amaranth (Amaranthus palmeri) revealed the presence of numerous small extra-chromosomal circular DNAs varying in size and with degrees of repetitive content, coding sequence, and motifs associated with autonomous replication. In GS biotypes, only a small portion of these aligned to the 399 kb eccDNA replicon, the vehicle underlying gene amplification and genetic resistance to the herbicide glyphosate. The aligned eccDNAs from GS were separated from one another by large gaps in sequence. In GR biotypes, the eccDNAs were present in both abundance and diversity to assemble into a nearly complete eccDNA replicon. Mean sizes of eccDNAs were similar in both biotypes and were around 5kb with larger eccDNAs near 25kb. Gene content for eccDNAs ranged from 0 to 3 with functions that include ribosomal proteins, transport, metabolism, and general stress response genetic elements. Repeat content among smaller eccDNAs indicate a potential for recombination into larger structures. Genomic hotspots were also identified in the Palmer amaranth genome with a disposition for gene focal amplifications as eccDNA. The presence of eccDNA may serve as a reservoir of genetic heterogeneity in this species and may be functionally important for survival.

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Improved resource allocation and stabilization of yield under abiotic stress

Cited by 27 publications

References 155 publications

Cold-Triggered Induction of ROS- and Raffinose Metabolism in Freezing-Sensitive Taproot Tissue of Sugar Beet

Cold-Triggered Induction of ROS- and Raffinose Metabolism in Freezing-Sensitive Taproot Tissue of Sugar Beet

Cold-triggered induction of ROS- and raffinose-related metabolism in freezing-sensitive taproot tissue of sugar beet

Sequence characterization of eccDNA content in glyphosate sensitive and resistant Palmer amaranth from geographically distant populations

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