Long-term exposure to fine particle elemental components and lung cancer incidence in the ELAPSE pooled cohort

Hvidtfeldt, Ulla Arthur; Chen, Jie; Andersen, Zorana Jovanovic; Atkinson, Richard; Bauwelinck, Mariska; Bellander, Tom; Brandt, Jørgen; Brunekreef, Bert; Cesaroni, Giulia; Concin, Hans; Fecht, Daniela; Forastiére, Francesco; Gils, Carla H. van; Gulliver, John; Hertel, Ole; Hoek, Gerard; Hoffmann, Barbara; Hoogh, Kees de; Janssen, Nicole; Jørgensen, Jeanette Therming; Katsouyanni, Klea; Jöckel, Karl Heinz; Ketzel, Matthias; Klompmaker, Jochem O.; Lang, Alois; Leander, Karin; Liu, Shuo; Ljungman, Petter; Magnusson, Patrik K. E.; Mehta, Amar; Nagel, Gabriële; Oftedal, Bente; Pershagen, Göran; Peter, Raphael Simon; Peters, Annette; Renzi, Matteo; Rizzuto, Debora; Rodopoulou, Sophia; Samoli, Evangelia; Schwarze, Per E.; Severi, Gianluca; Sigsgaard, Torben; Stafoggia, Massimo; Strak, Maciej; Vienneau, Danielle; Weinmayr, Gudrun; Wolf, Kathrin; Raaschou-Nielsen, Ole

doi:10.1016/j.envres.2020.110568

Cited by 42 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…Each PM 2:5 component was included as a linear function in the Cox models as a reasonable summary of the association, allowing comparison with previous studies. HRs were calculated with a fixed increment for each PM 2:5 component following the increments selected in previous publications from ESCAPE and ELAPSE (Beelen et al 2015;Hvidtfeldt et al 2021a): PM 2:5 Cu, 5 ng=m 3 ; PM 2:5 Fe, 100 ng=m 3 ; PM 2:5 K, 50 ng=m 3 ; PM 2:5 Ni, 1 ng=m 3 ; PM 2:5 S, 200 ng=m 3 ; PM 2:5 Si, 100 ng=m 3 ; PM 2:5 V, 2 ng=m 3 ; and PM 2:5 Zn, 10 ng=m 3 . Censoring occurred at the time of the event of interest, death from other causes, emigration, loss to follow-up for other reasons, or at the end of follow-up, whichever came first.…”

Section: Statistical Analysesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Long-Term Exposure to Fine Particle Elemental Components and Natural and Cause-Specific Mortality—a Pooled Analysis of Eight European Cohorts within the ELAPSE Project

Chen

Rodopoulou

Hoogh

et al. 2021

Environ Health Perspect

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Background: Inconsistent associations between long-term exposure to particles with an aerodynamic diameter [fine particulate matter ( )] components and mortality have been reported, partly related to challenges in exposure assessment. Objectives: We investigated the associations between long-term exposure to elemental components and mortality in a large pooled European cohort; to compare health effects of components estimated with two exposure modeling approaches, namely, supervised linear regression (SLR) and random forest (RF) algorithms. Methods: We pooled data from eight European cohorts with 323,782 participants, average age 49 y at baseline (1985–2005). Residential exposure to 2010 annual average concentration of eight components [copper (Cu), iron (Fe), potassium (K), nickel (Ni), sulfur (S), silicon (Si), vanadium (V), and zinc (Zn)] was estimated with Europe-wide SLR and RF models at a scale. We applied Cox proportional hazards models to investigate the associations between components and natural and cause-specific mortality. In addition, two-pollutant analyses were conducted by adjusting each component for mass and nitrogen dioxide ( ) separately. Results: We observed 46,640 natural-cause deaths with 6,317,235 person-years and an average follow-up of 19.5 y. All SLR-modeled components were statistically significantly associated with natural-cause mortality in single-pollutant models with hazard ratios (HRs) from 1.05 to 1.27. Similar HRs were observed for RF-modeled Cu, Fe, K, S, V, and Zn with wider confidence intervals (CIs). HRs for SLR-modeled Ni, S, Si, V, and Zn remained above unity and (almost) significant after adjustment for both and . HRs only remained (almost) significant for RF-modeled K and V in two-pollutant models. The HRs for V were 1.03 (95% CI: 1.02, 1.05) and 1.06 (95% CI: 1.02, 1.10) for SLR- and RF-modeled exposures, respectively, per , adjusting for mass. Associations with cause-specific mortality were less consistent in two-pollutant models. Conclusion: Long-term exposure to V in was most consistently associated with increased mortality. Associations for the other components were weaker for exposure modeled with RF than SLR in two-pollutant models. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP8368

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Section: Statistical Analysesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Long-Term Exposure to Fine Particle Elemental Components and Natural and Cause-Specific Mortality—a Pooled Analysis of Eight European Cohorts within the ELAPSE Project

Chen

Rodopoulou

Hoogh

et al. 2021

Environ Health Perspect

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“…In addition to the unspecific industry land-use category, information on major industrial point sources was obtained including facility location, pollutant and emission amount from the European Pollutant Release and Transfer Register 30 . The industrial facility points were intersected with a 100 m base polygon, and then the number of facility sites and emissions were summed within each 100x100 m cell.…”

Section: Additional Component/ Source-specific Variablesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Each PM2.5 component was included as a linear function in the Cox models as a reasonable summary of the association, allowing comparison with previous studies. HRs were calculated with a fixed increment for each PM2.5 component following the increments selected in previous publications from ESCAPE and ELAPSE Hvidtfeldt et al, 2021a): PM2.5 Cu -5 ng/m 3 , PM2.5 Fe -100 ng/m 3 , PM2.5 K -50 ng/m 3 , PM2.5 Ni -1 ng/m 3 , PM2.5 S -200 ng/m 3 , PM2.5 Si -100 ng/m 3 , PM2.5 V -2 ng/m 3 , PM2.5 Zn -10 ng/m 3 . Censoring occurred at the time of the event of interest, death from other causes, emigration, loss to follow-up for other reasons, or at the end of follow-up, whichever came first.…”

Section: Main Analysesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In chapter 3 and chapter 5, we developed Europe-wide LUR models for application in the ELAPSE project. ELAPSE is a multi-center project involving collaboration of cohorts from eleven countries across Europe 3,[28][29][30][31] . One advantage of applying harmonized exposure models in such international studies is the consistency of exposure assessment methodology.…”

Section: Spatial Scalementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Epidemiological studies around the world have generally reported associations between PM2.5 mass and mortality and morbidity, with substantial differences in the magnitude of effect estimates 7,9,22,[27][28][29] . Part of these differences may be related to the fact that the composition of PM2.5 varies in time and space depending on sources of emission and atmospheric chemistry, which may in turn result in differences in toxicity and risk to health of PM2.5 mass [30][31][32][33] . This implies current regulations that focus on mass concentrations may not be using the most efficient metrics.…”

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Development and Application of Europe-Wide Outdoor Air Pollution Exposure Models for Epidemiological Studies of Mortality Effects

Chen¹

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as coarse particles (PM10-2.5). The coarse particles are composed largely of crustal materials, sea salt, resuspended dust from roads and industrial activities, and biological material. The fine particles are largely formed in the atmosphere from gases. The main precursor gases are sulfur dioxide (SO2), NO2, ammonia and volatile organic compounds. For example, SO2 is oxidized to sulfuric acid, NO2 is oxidized to nitric acid, which in turn reacts with ammonia to form ammonium nitrate. The particles that are converted from gases in atmospheric reactions are called secondary particles. The fine fraction also includes primary particles generated from combustion processes, such as metals or organic compounds. Therefore, the fine fraction is typically composed of nitrate, sulfate, ammonium, organic compounds, trace metals and BC. BC is the sooty black material emitted from burning fossil fuels and biomass, for example in diesel engines, coal-fired power plants and wood burning. BC in this thesis was measured as PM2.5 absorbance based on the blackness of PM2.5 filters 25 . PM2.5 absorbance is a proxy for elemental carbon (EC), which is predominantly in the fine particle fraction 26 . PM2.5 is considered to be particularly important among the pollutants because it can penetrate deeply in the lungs, it has long atmospheric lifetime and travels across large geographical areas, and it can easily infiltrate into homes, where people spend a large amount of their time.PM2.5 has been associated with increases in mortality and morbidity more than any other regulated environmental pollutant 2,15 . Epidemiological studies around the world have generally reported associations between PM2.5 mass and mortality and morbidity, with substantial differences in the magnitude of effect estimates 7,9,22,[27][28][29] . Part of these differences may be related to the fact that the composition of PM2.5 varies in time and space depending on sources of emission and atmospheric chemistry, which may in turn result in differences in toxicity and risk to health of PM2.5 mass [30][31][32][33] . This implies current regulations that focus on mass concentrations may not be using the most efficient metrics. Understanding which components of the PM mixture are of greater health concerns than others would help inform targeted policies to control for those sources that contribute most of the toxic components in the PM mixture. So far, studies have associated adverse health effects with a series of PM2.5 components including secondary inorganic aerosols (sulfate, nitrate), EC, metals and organic components [34][35][36][37][38][39] . Studies also used source apportionment techniques to identify the responsible sources of specific components such as coal combustion and traffic [40][41][42] . However, the findings are inconsistent. The National Particle Component Toxicity (NPACT) studies funded by the Health Effect Institute (HEI) have performed a systematic evaluation on the relative toxicity of PM2.5 components and source categories by combining epidemiolog...

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Long‐term exposure to air pollution and incidence of gastric and the upper aerodigestive tract cancers in a pooled European cohort: The ELAPSE project

Nagel,

Chen,

Jaensch

et al. 2024

Intl Journal of Cancer

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Air pollution has been shown to significantly impact human health including cancer. Gastric and upper aerodigestive tract (UADT) cancers are common and increased risk has been associated with smoking and occupational exposures. However, the association with air pollution remains unclear. We pooled European subcohorts (N = 287,576 participants for gastric and N = 297,406 for UADT analyses) and investigated the association between residential exposure to fine particles (PM2.5), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), black carbon (BC) and ozone in the warm season (O3w) with gastric and UADT cancer. We applied Cox proportional hazards models adjusting for potential confounders at the individual and area‐level. During 5,305,133 and 5,434,843 person‐years, 872 gastric and 1139 UADT incident cancer cases were observed, respectively. For gastric cancer, we found no association with PM2.5, NO2 and BC while for UADT the hazard ratios (95% confidence interval) were 1.15 (95% CI: 1.00–1.33) per 5 μg/m3 increase in PM2.5, 1.19 (1.08–1.30) per 10 μg/m3 increase in NO2, 1.14 (1.04–1.26) per 0.5 × 10−5 m−1 increase in BC and 0.81 (0.72–0.92) per 10 μg/m3 increase in O3w. We found no association between long‐term ambient air pollution exposure and incidence of gastric cancer, while for long‐term exposure to PM2.5, NO2 and BC increased incidence of UADT cancer was observed.

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Long-term exposure to fine particle elemental components and lung cancer incidence in the ELAPSE pooled cohort

Cited by 42 publications

References 34 publications

Long-Term Exposure to Fine Particle Elemental Components and Natural and Cause-Specific Mortality—a Pooled Analysis of Eight European Cohorts within the ELAPSE Project

Long-Term Exposure to Fine Particle Elemental Components and Natural and Cause-Specific Mortality—a Pooled Analysis of Eight European Cohorts within the ELAPSE Project

Development and Application of Europe-Wide Outdoor Air Pollution Exposure Models for Epidemiological Studies of Mortality Effects

Long‐term exposure to air pollution and incidence of gastric and the upper aerodigestive tract cancers in a pooled European cohort: The ELAPSE project

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