Change in a clinical measure of cervical movement sense following four weeks of kinematic training

Treleaven, Julia; Dillon, Miriam; Fitzgerald, Ciara; Smith, Christopher C.; Wright, Brian V.; Sarig-Bahat, Hilla

doi:10.1016/j.msksp.2020.102312

Cited by 4 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…Hence, acuity tasks should either standardize the movement speed or as performed in this study (NormAcuity) , normalize acuity to movement time in the analyses for better discriminative ability between neck pain groups and healthy controls. In a similar way, the sum of the number of errors and time taken has been suggested as a possible solution to account for this when using human analysis of the test ( 15 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These measures are able to determine differences between individuals with neck pain and healthy participants ( 14 ). It was also found that the test demonstrates a clinically meaningful change in response to training ( 15 ) and the examiner's ratings of error and time taken were reliable (intra- and inter-tester) ( 16 ). These findings support the feasibility of these tracing tests for use in clinical practice ( 16 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These findings support the feasibility of these tracing tests for use in clinical practice ( 16 ). However, in some cases, the better outcome measure was the number of errors ( 14 ), while in others, it was the time taken when tracing the pattern ( 15 ). Thus, different strategies are employed to perform the task: the slower the time, few errors are noted, and the faster the time, the more errors are observed.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Proprioceptive Disturbance in Chronic Neck Pain: Discriminate Validity and Reliability of Performance of the Clinical Cervical Movement Sense Test

et al. 2022

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Chronic neck pain is associated with sensorimotor dysfunctions, which may develop symptoms, affect daily activities, and prevent recovery. Feasible, reliable, and valid objective methods for the assessment of sensorimotor functions are important to identify movement impairments and guide interventions. The aim of this study was to investigate the discriminative validity of a clinical cervical movement sense test, using a laser pointer and an automatic video-based scoring system. Individuals with chronic neck pain of idiopathic onset (INP), traumatic onset (TNP), and healthy controls (CON) were tested. Associations between movement sense and neck disability were examined and the repeatability of the test was investigated. A total of 106 participants (26 INP, 28 TNP, and 52 CON) were included in a cross-sectional study. Acuity, Speed, Time, and NormAcuity (i.e., normalized acuity by dividing acuity with movement time) were used as outcome measures. ANOVAs were used for group comparisons and Pearson correlations for associations between movement sense variables and neck disability index (NDI). Notably, 60 of the participants (30 CON, 17 INP, and 13 TNP) performed the test on a second occasion to explore test-retest reliability. Results revealed a reduced NormAcuity for both INP and TNP compared with CON (p < 0.05). The neck pain groups had similar Acuity but longer Time compared with CON. Among TNP, there was a fair positive correlation between Acuity and NDI, while there was a negative correlation between Acuity and NDI among INP. Reliability measures showed good to excellent ICC values between tests, but standard error of measurements (SEM) and minimal detectable change (MDC) scores were high. The results showed that NormAcuity is a valuable measure to identify disturbed cervical movement sense among INP and TNP. While Acuity was similar between the groups, different strategies, such as longer Time, to perform the task among neck patient groups were used. Few differences were identified between the neck pain groups, but altered strategies may exist. Reliability was acceptable, and the test is feasible to perform in the clinic. However, the technical complexity of the automated image analysis is a concern. Future developments will provide more feasible solutions.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Proprioceptive Disturbance in Chronic Neck Pain: Discriminate Validity and Reliability of Performance of the Clinical Cervical Movement Sense Test

et al. 2022

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“…The smaller difference in amplitude with the “Fly” method is concordant with the smaller geometry in the setup on a PC screen in comparison to the present setup on the wall in a 1 × 1 m geometry. The “cervical movement sense” test 9 yields numbers of errors during the tracking but no measures in mm nor was the speed of tracking preset. In conclusion, by a qualitative comparison, all three methods indicate impaired motor control of the neck muscles in the studied conditions of chronic muscular neck pain and tenderness.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Chronic whiplash and tension‐type headache were studied together since these conditions are clinically similar by having chronic muscular pain and tenderness in the neck. Previous studies have indicated dyscoordination of head movements in whiplash and in chronic neck pain conditions as measured by various methods such as “Fastrak” and the “Fly” 1‐7 and reviewed by Hesby et al 8 Recently, an additional “clinical cervical movement sense” test involving head laser tracking of a “ZZ” like figure was used to measure head movements in chronic neck pain and monitor a possible effect of training 9 . While it appears that each of these methods may have good reliability within the local settings of the respective studies, these methods are not easily standardizable nor transferable for comparison in other clinical settings.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impaired neck motor control in chronic whiplash and tension‐type headache

et al. 2021

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Objectives The purpose of this study is twofold, first to present a new method based on head laser tracking designed to measure head or hand movements and second to further investigate if patients suffering from chronic whiplash or tension‐type headache have impaired motor control of neck muscles. Material and Methods A new laser tracking instrument was designed to measure the ability of a test person to track a reference point moving on the wall by a laser fixed to the forehead or held in the hand. The reference point to be tracked moves in runs of a circle or a square at three different speeds 10, 20, or 30 cm/s. We used a 1 × 1 ×1 m setup geometry to provide head movements well below pain release. Groups of 22 patients diagnosed with chronic whiplash‐associated disorder grade 2, 19 patients diagnosed with chronic tension‐type headache, and 37 control persons were compared. Results A small but highly significant dyscoordination of head movements was observed in both patient groups and in whiplash also of the hand. Conclusions Our study presents a new method based on laser tracking for precision quantitative measurements of head or hand movements during standardized conditions. The results confirm that motor control of head movements is impaired in both chronic whiplash and tension‐type headache, and in whiplash also of the hand. This suggests involvement of the central nervous system in the pathology of these diseases.

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The effect of a neck-specific exercise program on cervical kinesthesia for patients with chronic whiplash-associated disorders: a case-control study

Ragnarsdottir,

Peterson,

Gislason

et al. 2024

BMC Musculoskelet Disord

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Introduction Cervical kinesthesia is an important part of movement control and of great importance for daily function. Previous research on kinesthesia in whiplash-associated disorders (WAD) has focused on grades I-II. More research is needed on WAD grade III. The aim of this study was to investigate cervical kinesthesia in individuals with WAD grades II-III before and after a neck-specific exercise intervention and compare them to healthy controls. Methods A prospective, case-control study with a treatment arm (n = 30) and a healthy control arm (n = 30) was conducted in Sweden. The WAD group received a neck-specific exercise program for 12 weeks. The primary outcome to evaluate kinesthesia was neck movement control (the Fly test). Secondary outcomes were neck disability, dizziness and neck pain intensity before and after the Fly test. Outcomes were measured at baseline and post-treatment. The control arm underwent measurements at baseline except for the dizziness questionnaire. A linear mixed model was used to evaluate difference between groups (WAD and control) and over time, with difficulty level in the Fly test and gender as factors. Results Between-group analysis showed statistically significant differences in three out of five kinesthetic metrics (p = 0.002 to 0.008), but not for the WAD-group follow-up versus healthy control baseline measurements. Results showed significant improvements for the WAD-group over time for three out of five kinaesthesia metrics (p < 0.001 to 0.008) and for neck disability (p < 0.001) and pain (p = 0.005), but not for dizziness (p = 0.70). Conclusions The exercise program shows promising results in improving kinesthesia and reducing neck pain and disability in the chronic WAD phase. Future research might benefit from focusing on adding kinesthetic exercises to the exercise protocol and evaluating its beneficial effects on dizziness or further improvement in kinesthesia. Impact statement Kinesthesia can be improved in chronic WAD patients without the use of specific kinesthetic exercises. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT03664934), first registration approved 11/09/2018.

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Change in a clinical measure of cervical movement sense following four weeks of kinematic training

Cited by 4 publications

References 20 publications

Proprioceptive Disturbance in Chronic Neck Pain: Discriminate Validity and Reliability of Performance of the Clinical Cervical Movement Sense Test

Proprioceptive Disturbance in Chronic Neck Pain: Discriminate Validity and Reliability of Performance of the Clinical Cervical Movement Sense Test

Impaired neck motor control in chronic whiplash and tension‐type headache

The effect of a neck-specific exercise program on cervical kinesthesia for patients with chronic whiplash-associated disorders: a case-control study

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