Aqueous chlorination of herbicide metribuzin: Identification and elucidation of “new” disinfection by-products, degradation pathway and toxicity evaluation

Degradation of metribuzin in the UV/chlorine process: kinetic model, degradation by-products and transformation pathways

“…55 The formation of DK was due to the cleavage of the methylthio group (–SCH 3 ) and the epoxidation of metribuzin. 2 The formation of DADK may be due to the deamination of DK. The deamination reaction would be very slow at this time because the methylthio group (–SCH 3 ) on the metribuzin was replaced by oxygen.…”

Peroxydisulfate-assisted sonocatalytic degradation of metribuzin by La-doped ZnFe layered double hydroxide

“…A GC–MS analysis was performed to determine the by-products of metribuzin degradation generated during the PDS-assisted sonocatalytic process. According to the structure of metribuzin, the degradation should first start with desulfurization and deamination [5] , [56] . The degradation of metribuzin occurs mainly as a result of the breaking of the C—C, C—N, C—S, and N—N bonds [57] .…”

“…Additionally, it may cause liver damage in mice at high dosages of 200 mg kg −1 [3] . Various water treatment processes, including adsorption [4] , chemical oxidation [5] , and advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) [6] have been developed to treat water containing metribuzin. AOPs are effective and environmentally-friendly methods for converting target pollutants into carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) and water (H 2 O) by generating reactive oxygen species (ROS) [7] .…”

Water Analysis: Emerging Contaminants and Current Issues

“…Dichloromethylamine was subsequently found in several surface waters and chlorinated tap waters from China. In another study, the chlorination of the herbicide metribuzin was found to form 17 DBPs; their chemical structures were proposed using UPLC-HRMS . Interestingly, all DBPs identified were oxidation products and did not contain chlorine.…”

“…In another study, the chlorination of the herbicide metribuzin was found to form 17 DBPs; their chemical structures were proposed using UPLC-HRMS. 157 Interestingly, all DBPs identified were oxidation products and did not contain chlorine. Acute toxicity to Artemia salina nauplii was noted for these chlorinated solutions, as well as estrogenic activity in the BLYES assay.…”