Nano-targeting lessons from the SARS-CoV-2

Ribeiro, Iris Renata Sousa; Silva, R.F. da; Silveira, Camila P.; Galdino, Flávia Elisa; Cardoso, Mateus Borba

doi:10.1016/j.nantod.2020.101012

Cited by 7 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…In addition to extensive pre-clinical and clinical trials carried out for the design of drugs and vaccines, various research efforts are being conducted to achieve better viral inactivation strategies outside the patients, such as the development of self-disinfecting surfaces or personal protective equipment (PPE). In this view, we and others have recently highlighted how nanotechnology and 2D nanomaterials can offer new approaches to cope with the COVID-19 pandemic and infectious diseases in general, including future pandemics [4] , [5] , [6] , [7] , [8] , [9] , [10] , [11] , [12] , [13] , [14] , [15] , [16] , [17] . The fact that lipid nanoparticle-based vaccines have already obtained approval by the US Food and Drug Administration and European Medical Agency shows that expertise and knowledge developed in the field of nanomedicine has enabled nanoparticle-based vaccine trials to take place in the fight against COVID-19 [18] , [19] , [20] , [21] .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

2D MXenes with antiviral and immunomodulatory properties: A pilot study against SARS-CoV-2

et al. 2021

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Two-dimensional transition metal carbides/carbonitrides known as MXenes are rapidly growing as multimodal nanoplatforms in biomedicine. Here, taking SARS-CoV-2 as a model, we explored the antiviral properties and immune-profile of a large panel of four highly stable and well-characterized MXenes - Ti 3 C 2 T x , Ta 4 C 3 T x , Mo 2 Ti 2 C 3 T x and Nb 4 C 3 T x . To start with antiviral assessment, we first selected and deeply analyzed four different SARS-CoV-2 genotypes, common in most countries and carrying the wild type or mutated spike protein. When inhibition of the viral infection was tested in vitro with four viral clades, Ti 3 C 2 T x in particular, was able to significantly reduce infection only in SARS-CoV-2/clade GR infected Vero E6 cells. This difference in the antiviral activity, among the four viral particles tested, highlights the importance of considering the viral genotypes and mutations while testing antiviral activity of potential drugs and nanomaterials. Among the other MXenes tested, Mo 2 Ti 2 C 3 T x also showed antiviral properties. Proteomic, functional annotation analysis and comparison to the already published SARS-CoV-2 protein interaction map revealed that MXene-treatment exerts specific inhibitory mechanisms. Envisaging future antiviral MXene-based drug nano-formulations and considering the central importance of the immune response to viral infections, the immune impact of MXenes was evaluated on human primary immune cells by flow cytometry and single-cell mass cytometry on 17 distinct immune subpopulations. Moreover, 40 secreted cytokines were analyzed by Luminex technology. MXene immune profiling revealed i) the excellent bio and immune compatibility of the material, as well as the ability of MXene ii) to inhibit monocytes and iii) to reduce the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines, suggesting an anti-inflammatory effect elicited by MXene. We here report a selection of MXenes and viral SARS-CoV-2 genotypes/mutations, a series of the computational, structural and molecular data depicting deeply the SARS-CoV-2 mechanism of inhibition, as well as high dimensional single-cell immune-MXene profiling. Taken together, our results provide a compendium of knowledge for new developments of MXene-based multi-functioning nanosystems as antivirals and immune-modulators.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

2D MXenes with antiviral and immunomodulatory properties: A pilot study against SARS-CoV-2

et al. 2021

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“…Multivalent nanotechnologies are essential because they minimize off-target consequences during selective targeting applications. 59,60 To this end, we synthesized multivalent quantum dot-nanobody chimera (QNC) and nanobody-avidin conjugates (NAC) (Fig. S1 †) by exploiting biotin-(strept)avidin non-covalent interaction and tested their application in optical microscopy and SARS-CoV-2-S antigen interaction, respectively.…”

Section: Synthesis and Characterization Of Multivalent Protein Nanopa...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Sortase A transpeptidation produces seamless, unbranched biotinylated nanobodies for multivalent and multifunctional applications

et al. 2023

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“… [87] , [88] Such level of interaction practically translates into abated off-target outcomes in clinical applications. [87] , [89] , [90] , [91] Generally, the potency threshold of multivalent therapeutic candidates surpasses monomers and conventional medications. [92] , [93] …”

Section: Multivalent and Multifunctional Ace2 Therapeutics: The Ratio...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Multivalent ACE2 engineering—A promising pathway for advanced coronavirus nanomedicine development

Obeng

Fianu²,

Danquah

2022

Nano Today

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Nano-targeting lessons from the SARS-CoV-2

Abstract: Graphical abstract

Cited by 7 publications

References 33 publications

2D MXenes with antiviral and immunomodulatory properties: A pilot study against SARS-CoV-2

2D MXenes with antiviral and immunomodulatory properties: A pilot study against SARS-CoV-2

Sortase A transpeptidation produces seamless, unbranched biotinylated nanobodies for multivalent and multifunctional applications

Multivalent ACE2 engineering—A promising pathway for advanced coronavirus nanomedicine development

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