Exposure to organophosphate ester flame retardants and plasticizers during pregnancy: Thyroid endocrine disruption and mediation role of oxidative stress

Yao, Yiming; Li, Mengqi; Pan, Liyang; Duan, Yanmin; Duan, Xiaoyu; Li, Yongcheng; Sun, Hongwen

doi:10.1016/j.envint.2020.106215

Cited by 68 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 69 publications

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“…Other studies have shown effects of OPEs on thyroid function ( Dishaw et al. 2014b ; Yao et al. 2021 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…For example, Yao et al. ( 2021 ) measured metabolites of dibutyl phosphate and DPHP in the urine of 360 pregnant women and found positive associations with both maternal (urinary) and neonatal (heel blood) levels of thyroid-stimulating hormone, particularly in girls. A recent study ( Choi et al.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The authors reported that OPEs could interfere with sex steroids and sex-steroid binding globulins in adolescents, with some effects different in girls than boys. Other studies have shown effects of OPEs on thyroid function (Dishaw et al 2014b;Yao et al 2021). For example, Yao et al (2021) measured metabolites of dibutyl phosphate and DPHP in the urine of 360 pregnant women and found positive associations with both maternal (urinary) and neonatal (heel blood) levels of thyroid-stimulating hormone, particularly in girls.…”

Section: Human Epidemiological Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Other studies have shown effects of OPEs on thyroid function (Dishaw et al 2014b;Yao et al 2021). For example, Yao et al (2021) measured metabolites of dibutyl phosphate and DPHP in the urine of 360 pregnant women and found positive associations with both maternal (urinary) and neonatal (heel blood) levels of thyroid-stimulating hormone, particularly in girls. A recent study (Choi et al 2021) demonstrated that the increased risk of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder among children exposed in utero to higher levels of DPHP was mediated by maternal thyroid hormone levels.…”

Section: Human Epidemiological Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Beyond Cholinesterase Inhibition: Developmental Neurotoxicity of Organophosphate Ester Flame Retardants and Plasticizers

Patisaul

Behl

Birnbaum

et al. 2021

Environ Health Perspect

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Background: To date, the toxicity of organophosphate esters has primarily been studied regarding their use as pesticides and their effects on the neurotransmitter acetylcholinesterase (AChE). Currently, flame retardants and plasticizers are the two largest market segments for organophosphate esters and they are found in a wide variety of products, including electronics, building materials, vehicles, furniture, car seats, plastics, and textiles. As a result, organophosphate esters and their metabolites are routinely found in human urine, blood, placental tissue, and breast milk across the globe. It has been asserted that their neurological effects are minimal given that they do not act on AChE in precisely the same way as organophosphate ester pesticides. Objectives: This commentary describes research on the non-AChE neurodevelopmental toxicity of organophosphate esters used as flame retardants and plasticizers (OPEs). Studies in humans, mammalian, nonmammalian, and in vitro models are presented, and relevant neurodevelopmental pathways, including adverse outcome pathways, are described. By highlighting this scientific evidence, we hope to elevate the level of concern for widespread human exposure to these OPEs and to provide recommendations for how to better protect public health. Discussion: Collectively, the findings presented demonstrate that OPEs can alter neurodevelopmental processes by interfering with noncholinergic pathways at environmentally relevant doses. Application of a pathways framework indicates several specific mechanisms of action, including perturbation of glutamate and gamma-aminobutyric acid and disruption of the endocrine system. The effects may have implications for the development of cognitive and social skills in children. Our conclusion is that concern is warranted for the developmental neurotoxicity of OPE exposure. We thus describe important considerations for reducing harm and to provide recommendations for government and industry decision makers. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP9285

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“…Other studies have shown effects of OPEs on thyroid function ( Dishaw et al. 2014b ; Yao et al. 2021 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Human Epidemiological Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Human Epidemiological Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Beyond Cholinesterase Inhibition: Developmental Neurotoxicity of Organophosphate Ester Flame Retardants and Plasticizers

Patisaul

Behl

Birnbaum

et al. 2021

Environ Health Perspect

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“…Placental oxidative stress plays a key role in the pathophysiology of placental-related disorders that put fetal development at risk [ 39 ]. However, the implication and relevance of oxidative stress in thyroid function and thyroid hormone balance require further clarification [ 40 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Associations between Oxidative/Nitrosative Stress and Thyroid Hormones in Pregnant Women—Tainan Birth Cohort Study (TBCS)

et al. 2022

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Oxidative and nitrosative stress have been linked to thyroid function in both animal and human studies. In the present study, the associations between oxidative and nitrosative stress and thyroid hormones were investigated. Measurements were obtained from 97 Taiwanese pregnant women at the first, second, and third trimesters. Levels of five oxidative and nitrosative stress biomarkers (8-hydroxy-2′-deoxyguanosine [8-OHdG], 8-nitroguanine [8-NO2Gua], 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal-mercapturic acid [HNE-MA], 8-isoprostaglandin F2α [8-isoPGF2α], and malondialdehyde [MDA]) were measured using urine samples, and levels of five thyroid hormones (triiodothyronine [T3], thyroxine [T4], free T4, thyroid-stimulating hormone [TSH], and T4-binding globulin [TBG]) were measured in blood samples. Multiple linear regressions and linear mixed-model regressions were conducted to determine the associations between oxidative or nitrosative stress biomarkers and thyroid hormones in pregnant women. We found that TSH was negatively and significantly associated with 8-NO2Gua (−14%, 95% CI [−26.9% to −1.1%]) and HNE-MA (−23%, 95% CI [−35.9% to −10.0%]) levels. However, T4 (3%, 95% CI [0.2%–5.8%]) and free T4 (4.3%, 95% CI [0.8%–7.8%]) levels were positively and significantly associated with 8-NO2Gua. The T4 to TBG and free T4 to TBG ratios were positively and significantly associated with 8-NO2Gua level (T4/TBG: 3.6%, 95% CI [0.5%–6.7%]; free T4/TBG: 5.6%, 95% CI [0.2%–11.1%]). However, the TSH to T4 ratio was negatively and significantly associated with 8-NO2Gua level (−17.3%, 95% CI [−30.4% to −4.3%]). The T3 to TSH ratio was positively and significantly associated with HNE-MA level (25.2%, 95% CI [11.2%–39.2%]). However, the TSH to T4 and TSH to free T4 ratios were negatively and significantly associated with HNE-MA level (TSH/T4: −21.2%, 95% CI [−34.5% to −7.8%] and TSH/free T4: −24.0%, 95% CI [−38.3% to −9.6%]). Our findings suggest that an imbalance of oxidative and nitrosative stress may alter thyroid hormone homeostasis during pregnancy. Disruption of the maternal thyroid homeostasis during pregnancy would affect embryonic and fetal development.

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Endocrine Disruptors and Human Reproduction

Pallotti

Paoli

Lombardo

2022

Sustainable Development Goals Series

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Exposure to organophosphate ester flame retardants and plasticizers during pregnancy: Thyroid endocrine disruption and mediation role of oxidative stress

Cited by 68 publications

References 69 publications

Beyond Cholinesterase Inhibition: Developmental Neurotoxicity of Organophosphate Ester Flame Retardants and Plasticizers

Beyond Cholinesterase Inhibition: Developmental Neurotoxicity of Organophosphate Ester Flame Retardants and Plasticizers

Associations between Oxidative/Nitrosative Stress and Thyroid Hormones in Pregnant Women—Tainan Birth Cohort Study (TBCS)

Endocrine Disruptors and Human Reproduction

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