Characterization of an alphavirus isolated from a stranded harbor porpoise (Phocoena phocoena) from Alaska

Nielsen, Ole; Popov, Vsevolod L.; Burek‐Huntington, Kathleen A.; Rotstein, David S.; Subramaniam, Kuttichantran; Waltzek, Thomas B.

doi:10.1016/j.virusres.2020.198187

Cited by 4 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…One interesting example was Rustrela virus, a relative of Rubella virus discovered in 2020 as the causative agent of brain infection in wild yellow-necked field mice and zoo animals 21 , for which we found RBP-mediated entry into human astrocyte- and lung-derived cells. A broad human cell tropism was observed even for the RBP of the Harbor porpoise alphavirus isolated in 2021 in Alaska from cetaceans 22 . Many pseudotypes from viruses discovered in non-mammalian hosts also infected most cell lines.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Viral entry is a weak barrier to zoonosis

Dufloo,

Andreu-Moreno,

Valero-Rello

et al. 2024

Preprint

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Recent advances in viral metagenomics have led to the discovery of many mammalian viruses, but experimental tests to determine whether they pose a threat to humans are largely lacking. A first step for a virus to cross the species barrier is to penetrate host cells. Here, we use gene synthesis and viral pseudotyping to experimentally test the ability of viral receptor-binding proteins (RBPs) from >100 enveloped RNA viruses to mediate entry into human cells. Analysis of thousands of RBP-cell pairs demonstrated such ability for most viruses, with significant variation among the 14 viral families studied. Comparison of RBP-mediated infectivity with cellular gene expression data showed that viral entry is often not limited by the presence of a receptor and revealed the contribution of additional host factors. Our results prove the weakness of interspecies barriers at the early stages of infection and identify molecular interactions that enable viral zoonosis.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Viral entry is a weak barrier to zoonosis

Dufloo,

Andreu-Moreno,

Valero-Rello

et al. 2024

Preprint

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“…Alphaviruses are found on all continents [ 6 ]. A recent study suggested that the emergence of alphaviruses from marine animals in the Southern Hemisphere’s oceans led to their subsequent spread to terrestrial hosts [ 7 ]. Alphaviruses are arthropod-borne, and mostly mosquito-borne, which makes them a recurring threat to human health as the expansion of mosquito habitats may put more people at risk of exposure to these viruses.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Host Non-Coding RNA Response to Alphavirus Infection

Behnia

Bradfute

2023

Viruses

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Alphaviruses are important human and animal pathogens that can cause a range of debilitating symptoms and are found worldwide. These include arthralgic diseases caused by Old-World viruses and encephalitis induced by infection with New-World alphaviruses. Non-coding RNAs do not encode for proteins, but can modulate cellular response pathways in a myriad of ways. There are several classes of non-coding RNAs, some more well-studied than others. Much research has focused on the mRNA response to infection against alphaviruses, but analysis of non-coding RNA responses has been more limited until recently. This review covers what is known regarding host cell non-coding RNA responses in alphavirus infections and highlights gaps in the knowledge that future research should address.

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Senecavirus cetus a novel picornavirus isolated from cetaceans represents a major host switching to the marine environment

Vernygora,

Sullivan,

Nielsen

et al. 2024

npj Viruses

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Senecavirus A (SVA), an emerging virus that causes vesicular disease in swine, was, until recently, the only member of the Senecavirus genus (Picornaviridae). Here, we report the isolation and complete genome sequence of two isolates of cetacean picornavirus 1 (Senecavirus cetus), a novel picornavirus species of the Senecavirus genus from dead stranded cetaceans from Alaska. One isolate was from a harbor porpoise stranded in 2017, and another from a beluga whale, stranded in 2019. Whole-genome sequencing of Senecavirus cetus strains showed a genome-wide nucleotide identity of 98.8% and a genome size of 7455 nucleotides. The Senecavirus cetus genomes are most similar to SVA with a 58.3% genome-wide pairwise nucleotide identity. Infection of eleven available cell lines from terrestrial and aquatic animals showed that beluga and sheep cells were susceptible to infection by Senecavirus cetus. Phylogenetic and ancestral state reconstruction analyses supported the novel virus being a member of the Senecavirus genus and provided the first evidence of Senecavirus-like picornavirus infecting marine mammals and likely descending from a terrestrial host ancestor. These discoveries provided important information on the evolutionary relationships and taxonomy of picornaviruses and increased our understanding of the genomic characteristics and potential host range of Senecavirus cetus.

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Characterization of an alphavirus isolated from a stranded harbor porpoise (Phocoena phocoena) from Alaska

Cited by 4 publications

References 38 publications

Viral entry is a weak barrier to zoonosis

Viral entry is a weak barrier to zoonosis

The Host Non-Coding RNA Response to Alphavirus Infection

Senecavirus cetus a novel picornavirus isolated from cetaceans represents a major host switching to the marine environment

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