Total Motile Sperm Count in Adolescent Boys with Varicocele is Associated with Hormone Levels and Total Testicular Volume

Batavia, Jason P. Van; Lawton, Elizabeth; Frazier, Jennifer; Zderic, Stephen A.; Zaontz, Mark R.; Shukla, Aseem R.; Srinivasan, Arun K.; Weiß, Dana; Long, Christopher J.; Canning, Douglas A.; Kolon, Thomas F.

doi:10.1097/ju.0000000000001405

Cited by 9 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…Recently, a finding of strong correlation between FSH concentrations and varicocele in a pediatric population was reported. High FSH levels and low testicular volume in young patients could be a marker of varicocelectomy timing, expecially if semen analysis could not be assessed ( 37 , 38 ).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Varicocele: An Endocrinological Perspective

Bellastella

Carotenuto

Caiazzo

et al. 2022

Front. Reprod. Health

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Varicocele affects 15% of male population but it is more frequently identified in patients searching medical care for infertility. The impact of varicocele on semen production and fertility is known, but the relationship between clinical varicocele and impaired hormonal production is not clear. In published literature there are some studies regarding hormonal alterations in patients with varicocele but no review in which all the hormonal findings are explained. The aim of this review is to evaluate, by most common search engine, what is known about hormonal alterations in varicocele-bearing patients, to verify if a cause-effect relationship is documented and to give a useful contribution to in clinical management of this kind of patients. We found contradictory results about hormonal status from literature. Some studies confirmed a decrease of testosterone levels and higher FSH and LH levels that normalize after varicocelectomy, others found lower than normal levels of dihydrotestosterone due to decreased activity of epididymal 5-α-reductase. Lower circulating Anti-Müllerian Hormone levels, accompanied by a decreased Inhibin-B level, were reported as indicators of the decreased Sertoli cells function in varicocele-bearing adult patients. The finding of higher basal 17-OH-progesterone concentrations in patients with varicocele was explained by some authors with a testicular C-17,20-lyase deficiency. There is no doubt that varicocele could led to hormonal alterations. This review proposes that the impaired free sexual steroid levels are the result of a slight, deep-rooted defect in the testes of a certain amount of men with varicocele but further multicentre, randomized controlled studies remain mandatory to better clarify the hormonal features of patients with varicocele and to assess the utility of hormonal evaluation for establishing the duration of varicocele and for better identifying patients who need surgical correction.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Varicocele: An Endocrinological Perspective

Bellastella

Carotenuto

Caiazzo

et al. 2022

Front. Reprod. Health

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“…Sakamoto et al evaluated TV and testicular L, W, and D separately in infertile Japanese patients divided into 10 groups according to ultrasonographic measurements of each TV parameter, with the results showing a significant positive relationship between all TV-related and semen parameters, 19 the same as in studies that focused on adolescent boys in Western countries. 20,21 The findings obtained in this retrospective study highlight three important points. First, left TV was significantly smaller than right TV regardless of the presence of a varicocele in the present infertile patients.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 61%

Significant reduction in left testicular volume shown by ultrasonography in infertile patients with left‐side grade 2–3 varicocele as compared to less than grade 2: An evidence for indication of varicocelectomy

Kondoh,

Chikawa,

Okumura

et al. 2024

Int J of Urology

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PurposeTesticular volume (TV) is known to be one of the main parameters for testicular function (TF). This study was conducted to re‐evaluate the indications of a varicocelectomy based on a survey of preoperative TV results in left‐side varicocele patients considered to reflect the detrimental effects of a varicocele on TF.MethodsTV results of infertile patients determined using ultrasonography by a single expert physician were retrospectively evaluated.ResultsOf 590 examined patients, 424 had no varicocele findings (Group A), while 148 had a left‐side varicocele (Group B). Group B was subdivided based on varicocele grade into Group B0 (subclinical), B1 (grade 1), B2 (grade 2), and B3 (grade 3). Comparisons of left‐side TV showed no significant differences for grade among Group A, B0, and B1, whereas that for Group B2 and B3 was significantly lower as compared with Group A (p < 0.01, 0.02, respectively). The median TV of Group B I (composed of Groups B0 and B1) was 9.8 cm3, while that of Group B II (Groups B2 and B3) was significantly lower at 8.4 cm3 (p < 0.05). In contrast, a comparison of right TV values identified no significant differences among the groups (p = 0.918).ConclusionA varicocelectomy should be performed for patients with a grade 2 and 3 varicocele for ameliorating testicular function.

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“…are not yet mature and secrete high levels of AMH [23][24][25]. So far, it is controversial whether AMH in male serum can be used as a biomarker for spermatogenesis and maturation.…”

Section: Results Of a B Ultrasound Examinationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Serum Anti – Mullerian Hormone in Azoospermia Approach

Shu¹

2023

FARMACIA

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This study aimed to investigate the role of serum anti -mullerian hormone (AMH) determination combined with ultrasonography and semen parameters in the diagnosis of azoospermic patients. Fifty patients with azoospermia were selected for the azoospermia group and underwent an ultrasound examination, and another 50 patients with normal semen in the same period were selected as the control group. AMH was detected in seminal plasma and serum, and semen parameters, including inhibin B (Inh -B), testosterone (T), and follicle -stimulating hormone (FSH), were measured. Seminal plasma AMH levels were higher than serum AMH levels in the normal and azoospermia groups (p < 0.05). AMH levels in seminal plasma and serum were higher in the normal group than in the azoospermia group (p < 0.05). Serum AMH levels were positively correlated with total sperm count, sperm motility rate, sperm concentration, percentage of progressively motile sperm, Inh -B, and total T and negatively correlated with follicle -stimulating hormone. The thicknesses of the epididymis head, epididymis body, and cauda epididymis in the azoospermia group were higher than those in the control group (p < 0.05). AMH level can be used as one of the biomarkers reflecting the function of Sertoli cells, which are involved in the production and growth of sperm. Ultrasound can accurately locate the prostate, ejaculatory duct, seminal vesicle, and other lesions and can provide a reliable imaging basis for the localization diagnosis of lesions in azoospermic patients. RezumatAcest studiu a urmărit să investigheze rolul hormonului antimullerian (AMH) combinat cu ultrasonografia și parametrii lichidului seminal în diagnosticul pacienților azoospermici. Au fost înrolați cincizeci de pacienți cu azoospermie și au fost supuși unei examinări cu ultrasunete, iar alți 50 de pacienți cu spermă normală au fost selectați pentru grupul de control. AMH a fost detectată în plasma și serul seminal și au fost măsurați parametrii seminali, inclusiv inhibina B (Inh -B), testosteronul (T) și hormonul de stimulare folicular (FSH). Nivelurile de AMH din plasma seminală au fost mai mari decât nivelurile de AMH seric în grupurile normale și cu azoospermie (p < 0,05). Nivelurile de AMH în plasma seminală și în serul seminal au fost mai mari în grupul martor versus grupul cu azoospermie (p < 0,05). Nivelurile serice de AMH au fost corelate pozitiv cu numărul total de spermatozoizi, rata de motilitate a spermatozoizilor, concentrația de spermatozoizi, procentul de spermatozoizi progresiv motili, Inh -B și T total și corelate negativ cu hormonul de stimulare folicular. Grosimea capului epididimului, a corpului epididimului și a epididimului caudat în grupul cu azoospermie au fost mai mari decât cele din grupul control (p < 0,05). Nivelul de AMH poate fi utilizat ca unul dintre biomarkerii care reflectă funcția celulelor Sertoli, care sunt implicate în producerea și dezvoltarea spermatozoizilor. Ecografia poate localiza cu precizie prostata, canalul ejaculator, vezicula seminală și alte leziuni ...

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Total Motile Sperm Count in Adolescent Boys with Varicocele is Associated with Hormone Levels and Total Testicular Volume

Cited by 9 publications

References 26 publications

Varicocele: An Endocrinological Perspective

Varicocele: An Endocrinological Perspective

Significant reduction in left testicular volume shown by ultrasonography in infertile patients with left‐side grade 2–3 varicocele as compared to less than grade 2: An evidence for indication of varicocelectomy

Serum Anti – Mullerian Hormone in Azoospermia Approach

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