32-core erbium/ytterbium-doped multicore fiber amplifier for next generation space-division multiplexed transmission system

Review of Space-Division Multiplexing Technologies in Optical Communications

“…Recently, a side-pumping scheme and a GRIN-lens based isolator realized 32-core fully integrated MC-EYDFA (Multi-core Erbium Ytterbium doped fiber) [94,95]. An amplifier for MC-FMF (Multi-core few mode fiber) was also realized by using an annular cladding fiber design, as shown in Fig.…”

R&D of 3M Technologies towards the Realization of Exabit/s Optical Communications

“…SDM amplifiers play an important role in long-haul SDM transmission systems [32], [51]- [54]. Figure 11 summarizes multi-core amplifiers where there are two different pumping schemes, namely, a core-pumping scheme and a cladding pumping scheme.…”

“…that low-cost, high-power multi-mode pump sources can be used and that the number of pump sources can be substantially reduced, providing a much lower cost/bit and energy/bit solution than the core-pumping scheme. Recently, a cladding pumped 32-core EYDFA has been fabricated and used as an inline amplifier in a 32-core 111.6 km MCF transmission experiment [32]. FM-MCFs, and FMFs/MMFs from the top to the bottom, respectively.…”

100-Gb/s Transmission Over a 2520-km Integrated MCF System Using Cladding-Pumped Amplifiers

“…Whereas the number of cores in MCF has increased over time [5], [6], one aspect remains largely unexplored: full integration of MCF systems. Lately, developing technologies in bundledfiber couplers, isolators [7], and amplifiers [4] have allowed a complete integrated in-line repeatered system to be built [8], which permits to demonstrate possible economic advantages proposed by SDM, since its integration is vital for a smooth transition from current transmission systems.…”