31P nuclear magnetic resonance of metabolic changes associated with cyanide intoxication in the perfused rat liver

Salhany, James M.; Stohs, Sidney J.; Reinke, Lester A.; Pieper, Galen M.; Hassing, Jeanne M.

doi:10.1016/0006-291x(79)90227-4

Cited by 40 publications

(18 citation statements)

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“…The first in vivo 31 P-MRS study was performed on mouse brain by Chance et al (24). Within the short span of one decade, organelles including mitochondria (25,26) and chromaffin granules (27), cells including Escherichia coli (28), yeast (29), and hepatocytes (30), and organs including skeletal muscle (31,32), heart (33-35), brain (36), kidney (37), and liver (38,39) have all been studied using 31 P-MRS.…”

Section: Historical Perspectivementioning

confidence: 99%

Assessing tissue metabolism by phosphorous-31 magnetic resonance spectroscopy and imaging: a methodology review

Liu

2017

Quant. Imaging Med. Surg.

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Many human diseases are caused by an imbalance between energy production and demand.Magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) provide the unique opportunity for in vivo assessment of several fundamental events in tissue metabolism without the use of ionizing radiation. Of particular interest, phosphate metabolites that are involved in ATP generation and utilization can be quantified noninvasively by phosphorous-31 ( 31 P) MRS/MRI. Furthermore, 31 P magnetization transfer (MT) techniques allow in vivo measurement of metabolic fluxes via creatine kinase (CK) and ATP synthase. However, a major impediment for the clinical applications of 31 P-MRS/MRI is the prohibitively long acquisition time and/or the low spatial resolution that are necessary to achieve adequate signal-to-noise ratio. P-MRS/MRI techniques. Applications of these techniques to the investigation of a specific physiology/pathology will be discussed without detailed description. Interested readers are referred to recent review articles on the applications of 31 P-MRS/MRI in metabolic characterization of skeletal muscle (10-12), heart (13), brain (14), and liver (11), as well as in diseases such as cancer (15), heart failure (16), and obesity and diabetes (17,18). Historical perspectiveThe use of 31 P-MRS for metabolic investigations dates back to 1960. Cohn and Hughes were the first to obtain a high-resolution 31 P spectrum of a solution of ATP (19). In addition, they also observed a dependence of the chemical shifts of the phosphorus nuclei of ATP on the pH of the solution. In parallel to the early development of MRI methods by Lauterbur (20), the entire 1970s also witnessed the rapid advance of 31 P-MRS in metabolic investigation of a broad range of biological systems. In 1973, Moon and Richards performed the first 31 P-MRS study that measured intracellular pH in human red blood cells (21). In the following year, Henderson and colleagues obtained the first 31 P spectrum of ATP from human red blood cells (22). At the same time, the Oxford team led by Radda performed the first experiment to acquire 31 P spectra from an intact organ, i.e., the excised and superfused muscle of rat hindlimb (23). The first in vivo 31 P-MRS study was performed on mouse brain by Chance et al. (24). Within the short span of one decade, organelles including mitochondria (25,26) and chromaffin granules (27), cells including Escherichia coli (28), yeast (29), and hepatocytes (30), and organs including skeletal muscle (31,32), heart (33-35), brain (36), kidney (37), and liver (38,39) have all been studied using 31 P-MRS.It is worth noting that most of these organ studies were performed on excised organs to avoid the need for spatial localization. Although Lauterbur has demonstrated the feasibility of imaging water protons (20), it was considered impractical for 31 P imaging of living systems because of the low sensitivity and difficulties with spectral resolution.The 1980s began with the publication of two important studies that aimed a...

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Section: Historical Perspectivementioning

confidence: 99%

Assessing tissue metabolism by phosphorous-31 magnetic resonance spectroscopy and imaging: a methodology review

Liu

2017

Quant. Imaging Med. Surg.

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“…The technique has been subsequently applied to the perfused rat liver [2] and the mouse liver [3]. Since high-energy phosphates (ATP) and inorganic phosphate (Pi) are the main metabolites giving rise to well-resolved signals in perfused liver spectra, reports have been generally limited to experimental situations where drastic changes in the energetic metabolism of the organ are induced, e.g.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…Since high-energy phosphates (ATP) and inorganic phosphate (Pi) are the main metabolites giving rise to well-resolved signals in perfused liver spectra, reports have been generally limited to experimental situations where drastic changes in the energetic metabolism of the organ are induced, e.g. cyanide intoxication [2], ischemia [3, 41 and fructose infusion [5, 61. An extensive study of perfused liver by simultaneous observation of 13C and 31P nuclei has been published by Cohen [7].…”

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confidence: 99%

Phosphorus‐31 nuclear‐magnetic‐resonance study of phosphorylated metabolites compartmentation, intracellular pH and phosphorylation state during normoxia, hypoxia and ethanol perfusion, in the perfused rat liver

Desmoulin

Cozzone

Canioni

1987

European Journal of Biochemistry

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A quantitative analysis of the phosphorus-31 NMR spectra of excised perfused rat liver has been carried out at 80.9 MHz using a 30-mm sample cell.1. The results indicate that in liver from fed rats, all intracellular ATP is detected by NMR. In contrast, only the cytosolic fractions of Pi and ADP can be observed as indicated by careful analysis of spectra obtained from perchloric acid liver extracts and intact liver under valinomycin perfusion. In well-oxygenated perfused liver the ATP concentration is 7.4 mM. Values of 5.3 mM and 0.9 mM are found respectively for Pi and ADP concentrations in the cytosolic compartment. Cytosolic pH value (pH,) is 7.25 k 0.05 and free magnesium concentration 0.5 mM.2. Addition of 70 mM (0.4%) ethanol to the perfusate of a fed rat liver induces 25% and 38% reduction of ATP and Pi levels, respectively. A large amount of sn-glycerol 3-phosphate is synthesized (up to 11 mM) in the cytosol. After ethanol withdrawal, a large overshoot in cytosolic Pi is observed, which is indicative of a net uptake of Pi across the plasma membrane that occurred during ethanol oxidation. No significant pH variation is observed during ethanol infusion.3. In perfused liver of rats subjected to 48-h fasts, the concentrations of cytosolic phosphorylated metabolites are 5.3 mM, 0.8 mM and 11.5 mM for ATP, ADP and Pi, respectively. The perfusion of the liver with 70 mM ethanol does not change the adenine nucleotide levels, while the Pi content is decreased by 10%. 4.During a 4-min hypoxia, induced by reducing the perfusion flow rate from 12 ml to 3 ml min-(100 g body weight)-', ATP concentration decreases to 5.8 mM in the fed rat liver. Cytosolic Pi and ADP increase to 8.7 mM and 1.6 mM, respectively. The cytosolic pH evolves to more acidic values and reaches 7.02 k 0.05 at the end of the 4-min hypoxic period.Studies on the hepatic metabolism by phosphorus-31 nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (31P NMR) were initiated on isolated rat liver cells in 1978 by Cohen et al. [I]. The technique has been subsequently applied to the perfused rat liver [2] and the mouse liver [3]. Since high-energy phosphates (ATP) and inorganic phosphate (Pi) are the main metabolites giving rise to well-resolved signals in perfused liver spectra, reports have been generally limited to experimental situations where drastic changes in the energetic metabolism of the organ are induced, e.g. cyanide intoxication [2], ischemia [3, 41 and fructose infusion [5, 61. An extensive study of perfused liver by simultaneous observation of 13C and 31P nuclei has been published by Cohen [7]. More reCorrespondence to P. J. Cozzone, UA CNRS 11 86,

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“…Applications have included the effects of normoxia and anoxia in rat livers [21] , the response to cyanide intoxication [22] and the response of damaged liver to fructose loading [23] .…”

Section: Cellular Bioenergeticsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Current and future applications ofin vitromagnetic resonance spectroscopy in hepatobiliary disease

Cox

Sharif²,

Cobbold³

et al. 2006

WJG

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Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy allows the study of cellular biochemistry and metabolism, both in the whole body in vivo and at higher magnetic field strengths in vitro . Since the technique is non-invasive and non-selective, magnetic resonance spectroscopy methodologies have been widely applied in biochemistry and medicine. In vitro magnetic resonance spectroscopy studies of cells, body fluids and tissues have been used in medical biochemistry to investigate pathophysiological processes and more recently, the technique has been used by physicians to determine disease abnormalities in vivo . This highlighted topic illustrates the potential of in vitro magnetic resonance spectroscopy in studying the hepatobiliary system. The role of in vitro proton and phosphorus magnetic resonance spectroscopy in the study of malignant and non-malignant liver disease and bile composition studies are discussed, particularly with reference to correlative in vivo whole-body magnetic resonance spectroscopy applications. In summary, magnetic resonance spectroscopy techniques can provide non-invasive biochemical information on disease severity and pointers to underlying pathophysiological processes. Magnetic resonance spectroscopy holds potential promise as a screening tool for disease biomarkers, as well as assessing therapeutic response.

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31P nuclear magnetic resonance of metabolic changes associated with cyanide intoxication in the perfused rat liver

Cited by 40 publications

References 7 publications

Assessing tissue metabolism by phosphorous-31 magnetic resonance spectroscopy and imaging: a methodology review

Assessing tissue metabolism by phosphorous-31 magnetic resonance spectroscopy and imaging: a methodology review

Phosphorus‐31 nuclear‐magnetic‐resonance study of phosphorylated metabolites compartmentation, intracellular pH and phosphorylation state during normoxia, hypoxia and ethanol perfusion, in the perfused rat liver

Current and future applications ofin vitromagnetic resonance spectroscopy in hepatobiliary disease

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