31P NMR spectroscopy for in vitro viability testing of porcine pancreatic islets

31P MR Spectroscopy in the Pancreas: Repeatability, Comparison With Liver, and Pilot Pancreatic Cancer Data

“…Qualitatively, our 31 P MRS data of the in vivo healthy human pancreas are in line with previous results from rat pancreas and pancreatic grafts obtained from invasive in situ 31 P MRS experiments 11,15 . High‐resolution 31 P NMR measurements of rat pancreas extracts 10–12 and 31 P MRS data porcine pancreatic islets 13 and human pancreatic grafts 14 also showed similar metabolite signals as we detected in the healthy human pancreas in vivo . However, in those in vitro studies, 10–14 much higher PME and Pi signals were observed compared to both our in vivo data and the in situ rat data, 11,15 which therefore seems to be related to the in vitro conditions.…”

“…High‐resolution 31 P NMR measurements of rat pancreas extracts 10–12 and 31 P MRS data porcine pancreatic islets 13 and human pancreatic grafts 14 also showed similar metabolite signals as we detected in the healthy human pancreas in vivo . However, in those in vitro studies, 10–14 much higher PME and Pi signals were observed compared to both our in vivo data and the in situ rat data, 11,15 which therefore seems to be related to the in vitro conditions. In previous in vitro and in situ studies, usually a small PCr signal was detected in pancreatic tissue (although it was not always visible) 10–12,14,15 .…”

“…[10][11][12][13][14][15] The aforementioned studies primarily focused on in vitro viability testing and quality assessment of grafts and therefore concentrated on energy metabolism. [11][12][13][14][15] In one study, ex vivo 31 P MRS was performed on implanted pancreatic tumors in hamsters and pancreatic tumors induced in situ in rats. 16 The 31 P MR spectra were qualitatively similar to spectra of normal pancreas tissue, although PME and Pi levels seemed to be elevated.…”

“…In addition, 31 P MRS of rat pancreas and pancreatic grafts has been demonstrated in situ , 11,15 which involves invasive procedures for coil placement. In the 31 P MR spectra of pancreatic tissue, signals from PME, Pi, PDE (glycerophosphoethanolamine [GPE] and glycerophosphocholine [GPC]), α‐, β‐, and γ‐ATP, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD), and uridine diphosphate glucose (UDPG) were detected, and in most cases also a small signal from phosphocreatine (PCr) was observed 10–15 . The aforementioned studies primarily focused on in vitro viability testing and quality assessment of grafts and therefore concentrated on energy metabolism 11–15 .…”

“…9 However, 31 P MRS has not yet been applied to investigate the human pancreas in vivo. 4 In earlier studies, 31 P NMR/MRS has been performed on extracts of rat pancreas [10][11][12] and on in vitro porcine pancreatic islets 13 and human pancreatic grafts. 14 In addition, 31 P MRS of rat pancreas and pancreatic grafts has been demonstrated in situ, 11,15 which involves invasive procedures for coil placement.…”

31P MR Spectroscopy in the Pancreas: Repeatability, Comparison With Liver, and Pilot Pancreatic Cancer Data

“…Qualitatively, our 31 P MRS data of the in vivo healthy human pancreas are in line with previous results from rat pancreas and pancreatic grafts obtained from invasive in situ 31 P MRS experiments 11,15 . High‐resolution 31 P NMR measurements of rat pancreas extracts 10–12 and 31 P MRS data porcine pancreatic islets 13 and human pancreatic grafts 14 also showed similar metabolite signals as we detected in the healthy human pancreas in vivo . However, in those in vitro studies, 10–14 much higher PME and Pi signals were observed compared to both our in vivo data and the in situ rat data, 11,15 which therefore seems to be related to the in vitro conditions.…”

“…High‐resolution 31 P NMR measurements of rat pancreas extracts 10–12 and 31 P MRS data porcine pancreatic islets 13 and human pancreatic grafts 14 also showed similar metabolite signals as we detected in the healthy human pancreas in vivo . However, in those in vitro studies, 10–14 much higher PME and Pi signals were observed compared to both our in vivo data and the in situ rat data, 11,15 which therefore seems to be related to the in vitro conditions. In previous in vitro and in situ studies, usually a small PCr signal was detected in pancreatic tissue (although it was not always visible) 10–12,14,15 .…”

“…[10][11][12][13][14][15] The aforementioned studies primarily focused on in vitro viability testing and quality assessment of grafts and therefore concentrated on energy metabolism. [11][12][13][14][15] In one study, ex vivo 31 P MRS was performed on implanted pancreatic tumors in hamsters and pancreatic tumors induced in situ in rats. 16 The 31 P MR spectra were qualitatively similar to spectra of normal pancreas tissue, although PME and Pi levels seemed to be elevated.…”

“…In addition, 31 P MRS of rat pancreas and pancreatic grafts has been demonstrated in situ , 11,15 which involves invasive procedures for coil placement. In the 31 P MR spectra of pancreatic tissue, signals from PME, Pi, PDE (glycerophosphoethanolamine [GPE] and glycerophosphocholine [GPC]), α‐, β‐, and γ‐ATP, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD), and uridine diphosphate glucose (UDPG) were detected, and in most cases also a small signal from phosphocreatine (PCr) was observed 10–15 . The aforementioned studies primarily focused on in vitro viability testing and quality assessment of grafts and therefore concentrated on energy metabolism 11–15 .…”

“…9 However, 31 P MRS has not yet been applied to investigate the human pancreas in vivo. 4 In earlier studies, 31 P NMR/MRS has been performed on extracts of rat pancreas [10][11][12] and on in vitro porcine pancreatic islets 13 and human pancreatic grafts. 14 In addition, 31 P MRS of rat pancreas and pancreatic grafts has been demonstrated in situ, 11,15 which involves invasive procedures for coil placement.…”

31P MR Spectroscopy in the Pancreas: Repeatability, Comparison With Liver, and Pilot Pancreatic Cancer Data

“…Qualitatively, our 31 P MRS data of the in vivo healthy human pancreas are in line with previous results from rat pancreas and pancreatic grafts obtained from invasive in situ 31 P MRS experiments 11,15 . High‐resolution 31 P NMR measurements of rat pancreas extracts 10–12 and 31 P MRS data porcine pancreatic islets 13 and human pancreatic grafts 14 also showed similar metabolite signals as we detected in the healthy human pancreas in vivo . However, in those in vitro studies, 10–14 much higher PME and Pi signals were observed compared to both our in vivo data and the in situ rat data, 11,15 which therefore seems to be related to the in vitro conditions.…”

“…High‐resolution 31 P NMR measurements of rat pancreas extracts 10–12 and 31 P MRS data porcine pancreatic islets 13 and human pancreatic grafts 14 also showed similar metabolite signals as we detected in the healthy human pancreas in vivo . However, in those in vitro studies, 10–14 much higher PME and Pi signals were observed compared to both our in vivo data and the in situ rat data, 11,15 which therefore seems to be related to the in vitro conditions. In previous in vitro and in situ studies, usually a small PCr signal was detected in pancreatic tissue (although it was not always visible) 10–12,14,15 .…”

“…[10][11][12][13][14][15] The aforementioned studies primarily focused on in vitro viability testing and quality assessment of grafts and therefore concentrated on energy metabolism. [11][12][13][14][15] In one study, ex vivo 31 P MRS was performed on implanted pancreatic tumors in hamsters and pancreatic tumors induced in situ in rats. 16 The 31 P MR spectra were qualitatively similar to spectra of normal pancreas tissue, although PME and Pi levels seemed to be elevated.…”

“…In addition, 31 P MRS of rat pancreas and pancreatic grafts has been demonstrated in situ , 11,15 which involves invasive procedures for coil placement. In the 31 P MR spectra of pancreatic tissue, signals from PME, Pi, PDE (glycerophosphoethanolamine [GPE] and glycerophosphocholine [GPC]), α‐, β‐, and γ‐ATP, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD), and uridine diphosphate glucose (UDPG) were detected, and in most cases also a small signal from phosphocreatine (PCr) was observed 10–15 . The aforementioned studies primarily focused on in vitro viability testing and quality assessment of grafts and therefore concentrated on energy metabolism 11–15 .…”

“…9 However, 31 P MRS has not yet been applied to investigate the human pancreas in vivo. 4 In earlier studies, 31 P NMR/MRS has been performed on extracts of rat pancreas [10][11][12] and on in vitro porcine pancreatic islets 13 and human pancreatic grafts. 14 In addition, 31 P MRS of rat pancreas and pancreatic grafts has been demonstrated in situ, 11,15 which involves invasive procedures for coil placement.…”

31P MR Spectroscopy in the Pancreas: Repeatability, Comparison With Liver, and Pilot Pancreatic Cancer Data

“…Qualitatively, our 31 P MRS data of the in vivo healthy human pancreas are in line with previous results from rat pancreas and pancreatic grafts obtained from invasive in situ 31 P MRS experiments 11,15 . High‐resolution 31 P NMR measurements of rat pancreas extracts 10–12 and 31 P MRS data porcine pancreatic islets 13 and human pancreatic grafts 14 also showed similar metabolite signals as we detected in the healthy human pancreas in vivo . However, in those in vitro studies, 10–14 much higher PME and Pi signals were observed compared to both our in vivo data and the in situ rat data, 11,15 which therefore seems to be related to the in vitro conditions.…”

“…High‐resolution 31 P NMR measurements of rat pancreas extracts 10–12 and 31 P MRS data porcine pancreatic islets 13 and human pancreatic grafts 14 also showed similar metabolite signals as we detected in the healthy human pancreas in vivo . However, in those in vitro studies, 10–14 much higher PME and Pi signals were observed compared to both our in vivo data and the in situ rat data, 11,15 which therefore seems to be related to the in vitro conditions. In previous in vitro and in situ studies, usually a small PCr signal was detected in pancreatic tissue (although it was not always visible) 10–12,14,15 .…”

“…[10][11][12][13][14][15] The aforementioned studies primarily focused on in vitro viability testing and quality assessment of grafts and therefore concentrated on energy metabolism. [11][12][13][14][15] In one study, ex vivo 31 P MRS was performed on implanted pancreatic tumors in hamsters and pancreatic tumors induced in situ in rats. 16 The 31 P MR spectra were qualitatively similar to spectra of normal pancreas tissue, although PME and Pi levels seemed to be elevated.…”

“…In addition, 31 P MRS of rat pancreas and pancreatic grafts has been demonstrated in situ , 11,15 which involves invasive procedures for coil placement. In the 31 P MR spectra of pancreatic tissue, signals from PME, Pi, PDE (glycerophosphoethanolamine [GPE] and glycerophosphocholine [GPC]), α‐, β‐, and γ‐ATP, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD), and uridine diphosphate glucose (UDPG) were detected, and in most cases also a small signal from phosphocreatine (PCr) was observed 10–15 . The aforementioned studies primarily focused on in vitro viability testing and quality assessment of grafts and therefore concentrated on energy metabolism 11–15 .…”

“…9 However, 31 P MRS has not yet been applied to investigate the human pancreas in vivo. 4 In earlier studies, 31 P NMR/MRS has been performed on extracts of rat pancreas [10][11][12] and on in vitro porcine pancreatic islets 13 and human pancreatic grafts. 14 In addition, 31 P MRS of rat pancreas and pancreatic grafts has been demonstrated in situ, 11,15 which involves invasive procedures for coil placement.…”