31P-Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy and Thyroid Hormones in Major Depressive Disorder: Toward a Bioenergetic Mechanism in Depression?

Iosifescu, Dan V.; Renshaw, Perry F.

doi:10.1080/10673220303959

Cited by 19 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 76 publications

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“…The first is that there were no peer-reviewed publications reporting 31 P-MRS data in pediatric MDD. 31 P-MRS has the unique ability to measure high-energy phosphorus metabolites in vivo [63, 68, 69, 137], which is important because dysfunction in neuronal energy metabolism may be one mechanism of depression [109]. Second, no pediatric MDD clinical trials were identified in which MRS brain scans were used as a repeated measure, that is, performed pre- and posttreatment in order to learn which, if any, MRS metabolites were altered by the study treatment intervention.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Review: Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy Studies of Pediatric Major Depressive Disorder

Kondo

Hellem

Sung

et al. 2011

Depression Research and Treatment

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Introduction. This paper focuses on the application of Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy (MRS) to the study of Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) in children and adolescents. Method. A literature search using the National Institutes of Health's PubMed database was conducted to identify indexed peer-reviewed MRS studies in pediatric patients with MDD. Results. The literature search yielded 18 articles reporting original MRS data in pediatric MDD. Neurochemical alterations in Choline, Glutamate, and N-Acetyl Aspartate are associated with pediatric MDD, suggesting pathophysiologic continuity with adult MDD. Conclusions. The MRS literature in pediatric MDD is modest but growing. In studies that are methodologically comparable, the results have been consistent. Because it offers a noninvasive and repeatable measurement of relevant in vivo brain chemistry, MRS has the potential to provide insights into the pathophysiology of MDD as well as the mediators and moderators of treatment response.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Review: Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy Studies of Pediatric Major Depressive Disorder

Kondo

Hellem

Sung

et al. 2011

Depression Research and Treatment

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“…ATP was calculated as the sum of α-, β-, and γ-ATP. The PCr-to-inorganic phosphate (Pi) and ATP-to-Pi ratios were also evaluated as an indicator of intracellular energy status (15,25,26). …”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intranasal Insulin Suppresses Food Intake via Enhancement of Brain Energy Levels in Humans

et al. 2012

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Cerebral insulin exerts anorexic effects in humans and animals. The underlying mechanisms, however, are not clear. Because insulin physiologically facilitates glucose uptake by most tissues of the body and thereby fosters intracellular energy supply, we hypothesized that intranasal insulin reduces food consumption via enhancement of the neuroenergetic level. In a double-blind, placebo–controlled, within-subject comparison, 15 healthy men (BMI 22.2 ± 0.37 kg/m2) aged 22–28 years were intranasally administered insulin (40 IU) or placebo after an overnight fast. Cerebral energy metabolism was assessed by 31P magnetic resonance spectroscopy. At 100 min after spray administration, participants consumed ad libitum from a test buffet. Our data show that intranasal insulin increases brain energy (i.e., adenosine triphosphate and phosphocreatine levels). Cerebral energy content correlates inversely with subsequent calorie intake in the control condition. Moreover, the neuroenergetic rise upon insulin administration correlates with the consecutive reduction in free-choice calorie consumption. Brain energy levels may therefore constitute a predictive value for food intake. Given that the brain synchronizes food intake behavior in dependence of its current energetic status, a future challenge in obesity treatment may be to therapeutically influence cerebral energy homeostasis. Intranasal insulin, after optimizing its application schema, seems a promising option in this regard.

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“…The equilibrium for this reaction favors ATP formation so that energy demands in excess of the cells' capacity for ATP synthesis are met initially through a shift in this equilibrium, whereby ATP concentrations are held constant through PCr hydrolysis. In addition to PCr and ATP, the ratio of PCr/P i is often used as an indicator of intracellular energy status since it does not require a further reference compound (5,13).…”

Section: Subjectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Differential energetic response of brain vs. skeletal muscle upon glycemic variations in healthy humans

Oltmanns¹,

Melchert²,

Scholand-Engler³

et al. 2008

American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comp

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The brain regulates all metabolic processes within the organism, and therefore, its energy supply is preserved even during fasting. However, the underlying mechanism is unknown. Here, it is shown, using (31)P-magnetic resonance spectroscopy that during short periods of hypoglycemia and hyperglycemia, the brain can rapidly increase its high-energy phosphate content, whereas there is no change in skeletal muscle. We investigated the key metabolites of high-energy phosphate metabolism as rapidly available energy stores by (31)P MRS in brain and skeletal muscle of 17 healthy men. Measurements were performed at baseline and during dextrose or insulin-induced hyperglycemia and hypoglycemia. During hyperglycemia, phosphocreatine (PCr) concentrations increased significantly in the brain (P = 0.013), while there was a similar trend in the hypopglycemic condition (P = 0.055). Skeletal muscle content remained constant in both conditions (P > 0.1). ANOVA analyses comparing changes from baseline to the respective glycemic plateau in brain (up to +15%) vs. muscle (up to -4%) revealed clear divergent effects in both conditions (P < 0.05). These effects were reflected by PCr/Pi ratio (P < 0.05). Total ATP concentrations revealed the observed divergency only during hyperglycemia (P = 0.018). These data suggest that the brain, in contrast to peripheral organs, can activate some specific mechanisms to modulate its energy status during variations in glucose supply. A disturbance of these mechanisms may have far-reaching implications for metabolic dysregulation associated with obesity or diabetes mellitus.

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31P-Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy and Thyroid Hormones in Major Depressive Disorder: Toward a Bioenergetic Mechanism in Depression?

Cited by 19 publications

References 76 publications

Review: Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy Studies of Pediatric Major Depressive Disorder

Review: Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy Studies of Pediatric Major Depressive Disorder

Intranasal Insulin Suppresses Food Intake via Enhancement of Brain Energy Levels in Humans

Differential energetic response of brain vs. skeletal muscle upon glycemic variations in healthy humans

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