Photosensitized renoxification of HNO3 is
found to produce
HONO in an unexpectedly high yield, which has been considered an important
source for atmospheric HONO. Conventionally, the production of HONO
is ascribed to the secondary photolysis of the primarily formed NO2. In this study, by using humic acid (HA) as a model environmental
photosensitizer, we provide evidence of the direct formation of NO2 in its electronic excited state (NO2*) as a key
intermediate during the photosensitizing renoxification of HNO3. Moreover, the high HONO yield originates from the heterogeneous
reaction of the primarily formed NO2* with the co-adsorbed
water molecules on HA. Such a mechanism is supported by the increase
of the product selectivity of HONO with relative humidity. Further
luminescence measurements demonstrate clearly the occurrence of an
electronic excited state (NO2*) from photolysis of adsorbed
HNO3 on HA. This work deepens our understanding of the
formation of atmospheric HONO and gives insight into the transformation
of RNS.