Use of experimental-resin-based materials doped with carboxymethyl chitosan and calcium phosphate microfillers to induce biomimetic remineralization of caries-affected dentin

The incorporation of phosphorylated chitosan/amorphous calcium phosphate nanocomplex into an experimental composite resin

“…As a popular bioactive material with rich sources, chitosan is obtained by the deacetylation of chitin and widely used in the fields of biomedicine. In general, chitosan is usually chemically modified with various functional groups in order to play different roles in different fields [30][31][32] . Many studies have proved that Pchi can induce the nucleation of hydroxyapatite and remineralization of hard tissues 33,34) Our study further demonstrated that Pchi could be used as a stabilizer for ACP, and the incorporation of Pchi/ ACP complex into the dental composite resin could lead to the remineralization of defected dentin.…”

Influence of molecular weight and concentration of carboxymethyl chitosan on biomimetic mineralization of collagen

“…Our previous study also conrmed the size-exclusion of collagen, by providing evidence of the rejection of CMC (MW 150 kDa) by collagen brils. 27 In this study, we chose different CMC with MWs between 6 kDa and 40 kDa (20 kDa) or larger than 40 kDa (60 kDa, 150 kDa), and their combined effects with concentrations on stabilizing ACP dispersions and inducing collagen mineralization lead to different consequences. Therefore, the stability of CMC-ACP dispersions and mineralization of collagen brils in these dispersions were correlated to the combined effects of MW and concentration of CMC, and the null hypothesis had to be rejected.…”

“…16 Although experiments like confocal microscopy studies of uorescently tagged CMC into collagen scaffold and SEM imaging across the cross-sections could further validate the penetration capacities of different CMC-ACP precursors, the present study provides evidence that MW and concentration serve as limiting factors for mineralizing bulk collagen scaffolds, and thus the optimization of these parameters and other reaction conditions should be pursued to obtain scaffolds more representative of bone. Previous studies have speculated that CMC could stabilize ACP precursors through binding to Ca 2+ , 21,23,27 as the negatively charged carboxyl groups on the C/N-terminal regions; but the Ca 2+ binding capacity of CMC has not been examined previously. Our ndings have conrmed this ability by showing that the Ca 2+ binding to CMC of three different MWs had moderate affinities up to an order of 10 4 M À1 and was mainly through electrostatic interactions at pH 7.4, which may associate with the negatively charged carboxyl groups.…”

“…Our previous study also investigated the role of CMC in biomimetic remineralization of articial cariesaffected dentin. 27 We noticed that there were discrepancies in the literature about the mechanism, pattern and extent of CMCinduced biomimetic mineralization. These discordances might be attributed to differences in the relevant variables of CMC, like the molecular weight (MW) and concentration, which might affect the [-COO À ]/[Ca 2+ ] ratio in solution and the size and stability of ACP particles, 6 and eventually the outcome of biomimetic mineralization.…”

Promotion Effect of Carboxymethyl Chitosan on Dental Caries via Intrafibrillar Mineralization of Collagen and Dentin Remineralization

“…Therefore, water-soluble CMC might take advantage of its chelating capacity to assist the formation of ACP nano-precursors [ 14 ]. Our previous studies preliminarily investigated the function of CMC in CAD biomimetic remineralization and validated the combined effects of CMC molecular weights and concentrations on the collagen mineralization pattern and its extent by regulating the stability of CMC-ACP precursors [ 15 , 16 ].…”