Inosine – a Multifunctional Treatment for Complications of Neurologic Injury

Abstract

Spinal cord injury (SCI) caused by trauma or disease leads to motor and sensory abnormalities that depend on the level, severity and duration of the lesion. The most obvious consequence of SCI is paralysis affecting lower and upper limbs. SCI also leads to loss of bladder and bowel control, both of which have a deleterious, life-long impact on the social, psychological, functional, medical and economic well being of affected individuals. Currently, there is neither a cure for SCI nor is there adequate management of its consequences. Although medications provide symptomatic relief for the complications of SCI including muscle spasms, lower urinary tract dysfunction and hyperreflexic bowel, strategies for repair of spinal injuries and recovery of normal limb and organ function are still to be realized. In this review, we discuss experimental evidence supporting the use of the naturally occurring purine nucleoside inosine to improve the devastating sequelae of SCI. Evidence suggests inosine is a safe, novel agent with multifunctional properties that is effective in treating complications of SCI and other neuropathies.

Immunogenic-cell-killing and immunosuppression-inhibiting nanomedicine

“…7 F and Table S4 ). Since inosine plays an important role in the energy metabolism of the kidney, its downregulation may damage the kidney [ 72 ]. Meanwhile, there were 4 significantly altered hepatic metabolites in the free PTX + CUR group vs the 0.9% NaCl group, including the decrease of malonic acid and pyruvic acid and increase of l -lysine and L-Tryptophan, which suggested that there appeared the abnormality in energy metabolism and amino acid metabolism [ 73 ].…”

Borrowing Carbonate-Enabled Allylic Amination Reactions under Additive- and Reductant-Free Nickel Catalysis Employing Allylic Alcohols

“…It is to be noted that no amidic C–N bond cleavage was observed, although Ni-complexes are known to participate in such a kind of bond-tailoring (cleavage) reactions. , This is particularly impressive in the case of isatin 7l , benzothiazoline 7m , and benzoxazolone 7n , and oxazolidin-2-one 7o . The utility of tandem acyl/allyl C–O bond activation/amination protocol was tested with nucleoside derivative inosine 7q and was found to be promising. , Interestingly, bis C -allylation was observed in the case of oxindole 10b instead of N -allylation …”

“…The utility of tandem acyl/allyl C−O bond activation/amination protocol was tested with nucleoside derivative inosine 7q and was found to be promising. 64,65 Interestingly, bis C-allylation was observed in the case of oxindole 10b instead of N-allylation. 66 Impressed with the success of the N-heterocyclic scope, we next examined the feasibility of different allylic alcohols.…”

Untargeted Metabolomics Identifies a Novel Panel of Markers for Autologous Blood Transfusion

“…Guanosine and inosine are important for transport of nucleosides and free purine and pyrimidine bases across the plasma membrane. Guanosine is comprised of guanine attached to a ribose (ribofuranose) ring via a β-N9-glycosidic bond [ 37 ], while inosine is generated intracellularly and extracellularly by deamination of adenosine or intracellularly through the action of 5′-nucleotidase on inosine monophosphate [ 38 ]. Erythronate and isocitrate are important for pyruvate metabolism and the citric acid cycle.…”