“…Organic carbon normalized K d,i ( K oc,i = K d,i / f oc ) values, where f oc is the fraction organic carbon of the rock, are used because core samples are not available from our field test borehole. The geometric mean f oc reported for 144 gray laminated mudstone samples from other boreholes at the field site ( f oc = 0.0025) (Shapiro and Brenneis 2018) is used to normalize the K d ,TCE estimate from the field test (Table 2). The resulting log K oc ,TCE is 3.0 (range 2.5–3.5 corresponding to ±1 standard deviation of the geometric mean f oc ).…”