A new species of Maritrema (Trematoda: Microphallidae) parasitizing the Baird’s sandpiper Calidris bairdii, and comments about diversity of Microphallidae in two Nearctic shorebirds at Patagonian sites in Argentina
“…The new species M. pichi n. sp. differs from congeners by the position of the acetabulum that is included within the vitellarium ring, the ovary is anterior to the acetabulum, and the testes are lateral to it [14].…”
The adult worms of the Microphallidae family are mainly found as intestinal parasites of birds and mammals, while metacercariae is most commonly found in decapodal crustaceans. The Microphallidaeare family is spread throughout the world. It includes approximately 47 genera. Mature worms usually enter the digestive system of vertebrates, especially birds and mammals. Microphallidae contain eight subfamilies: Androcotylinae - Basantisiinae - Endocotylinae - Gynaecotylinae - Levinseniellinae - MaritrematinaeMicrophallinae - Sphairiotrematinae. Therefore, due to the lack of studies on the Microphallidae family in Iraq, we began to develop a database on this important family.
“…The new species M. pichi n. sp. differs from congeners by the position of the acetabulum that is included within the vitellarium ring, the ovary is anterior to the acetabulum, and the testes are lateral to it [14].…”
The adult worms of the Microphallidae family are mainly found as intestinal parasites of birds and mammals, while metacercariae is most commonly found in decapodal crustaceans. The Microphallidaeare family is spread throughout the world. It includes approximately 47 genera. Mature worms usually enter the digestive system of vertebrates, especially birds and mammals. Microphallidae contain eight subfamilies: Androcotylinae - Basantisiinae - Endocotylinae - Gynaecotylinae - Levinseniellinae - MaritrematinaeMicrophallinae - Sphairiotrematinae. Therefore, due to the lack of studies on the Microphallidae family in Iraq, we began to develop a database on this important family.
“…The genus Maritrema Nicoll, 1907 (Platyhelminthes, Trematoda, Plagiorchiida, Microphallidae) comprises cosmopolitan species that predominantly parasitize birds in brackish, marine and to a lesser extent, freshwater ecosystems (Deblock 2008;Capasso et al 2019). Their life cycles also involve gastropods and crustaceans as first and second intermediate hosts, respectively (Yamaguti 1975).…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…orensense Cremonte & Martorelli, 1998; M. madrynense Diaz & Cremonte, 2010; M. formicae Diaz, Gilardoni & Cremonte, 2012; M. patagonica Rauque, Flores &Brugni, 2013, andM. pichi Capasso D´Ámico &Diaz, 2019. As with other digeneans, molecular data referring to Maritrema species are still scarce in South America. For example, the only DNA sequences available in Argentina are from M. madrynense (Bagnato et al 2015).…”
The genus Maritrema Nicoll, 1907 (Platyhelminthes, Trematoda, Plagiorchiida, Microphallidae) comprises cosmopolitan species that predominantly parasitize birds. Although approximately 65 species have been described worldwide, including 6 for Argentina, molecular data referring to Maritrema species are still scarce worldwide, especially in South America. Unfortunately, this lack of references for nucleotide sequences is an obstacle to understanding the taxonomy and life cycles of trematodes, and impedes advancing our studies on the phylogeny and geographical distribution of these parasites. For that reason, we performed the molecular study of developmental stages of Maritrema bonaerense: cercariae (collected from the snail first intermediate host Heleobia australis, inhabiting Mar Chiquita lagoon) and metacercariae (collected from the crab second intermediate host Neohelice granulata, inhabiting Mar Chiquita lagoon and San Antonio Oeste, Argentina). The accordance between the ITS2 sequence of M. bonaerense cercaria from the snail H. australis and the sequences of metacercariae from the crab N. granulata was 100%, supporting previous findings of the life cycle of M. bonaerense based on morphological data. All Maritrema species are included in a monophyletic and well-supported clade. Maritrema bonaerense grouped more closely with Maritrema gratiosum. These findings contribute to the knowledge of digeneans in coastal marine ecosystems.
“…Besides, there are several isolated reports of parasites in different coastal birds, like nematodes from the Steamer Duck, Tachyeres leucocephalus Humphrey & Thompson, the Crested Duck, Lophonetta specularioides (King), the Blacknecked Swan, Cygnus melancoryphus (Molina) (Anatidae) (Agüero & Diaz 2013, Agüero et al 2015 and from the Imperial Shag P. atriceps and the Red-legged Shag Phalacrocorax gaimardii (Lesson & Garnot) (Phalacrocoracidae) (Garbin et al 2008(Garbin et al , 2014. Also, trematodes like Bartolius pierrei Cremonte, 2001 were recorded in the Red Knot Calidris canutus rufa Linnaeus (Cremonte 2004), and Maritrema formicae Diaz, Gilardoni & Cremonte 2012, Levinseniella cruzi Travassos 1921, and Odhneria odhneri Travassos, 1921 parasitizing the Baird's Sandpiper Calidris bairdii Coues (Scolopacidae) (Capasso et al 2019). Odhneria odhneri was also recorded in the Twobanded Plover Charadrius falklandicus Latham (Scolopacidae) (Capasso et al 2017) Knowledge on richness and diversity of bird parasites in littoral areas may provide important information about interactions, trophic webs, and compound community structure, mainly in those regions where the coastal birds abundance (mostly gulls) is increasing as a result of human activities such as fishing (Galaktionov & Skirnisson 2000, Diaz et al 2011.…”
Ecto and endoparasites of four species of coastal birds, Haematopus ater, Larus dominicanus, Leucophaeus scoresbii (Charadriiformes), and Lophonetta specularioides (Anseriformes), are reported from Puerto Deseado on the Patagonian coast, Argentina. Only H. ater was infested with lice (Phthiraptera), belonging to 2 species (Ischnocera, Amblycera). A total of 19 helminth species were found parasitizing the coastal birds studied: 4 cestodes (1 Tetrabothriidae, 3 Cyclophyllidea); 11 trematodes ( 2Gymnophallidae, 3 Microphallidae, 2 Notocotylidae, 1 Philophthalmidae, 2 Renicolidae, 1 Schistosomatidae); 3 nematodes (1 Anisakidae, 2 Acuariidae); and 1 acanthocephalan (Polymorphidae). Although some isolated records have been previously reported for these birds, the present work provides a parasitofauna study for H. ater, L. scoresbii, and L. specularioides for the first time. Endoparasites reflected the feeding habits of the birds; the parasite assemblage of L. dominicanus was the richest, indicating their wide prey spectrum and the diversity of the habitats frequented. A great species richness of trematodes, whose life cycles are partially known, suggests that L. specularioides feeds upon crustaceans and small bivalves. The blackish oystercatcher H. ater preys upon the limpet Nacella magellanica which hosts two larval trematodes corresponding to the adults found parasitizing it.
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