Tumor localization using radio-frequency identification clip marker: experimental results of an ex vivo porcine model

A Precise Lesion Localization System Using a Magnetometer With Real-Time Baseline Cancellation for Laparoscopic Surgery

“…MISs have been widely adopted in various fields of surgery with rapid developments [2]- [4]. Particularly, laparoscopic surgeries, one of the MISs, have been applied for gastrointestinal surgeries and have advanced with the development of various surgical instruments [5], [6]. In laparoscopic surgeries, surgeons insert laparoscopic This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 License.…”

“…The target lesion's location can be identified during laparoscopic surgery because India ink can be visible outside the organ. However, several problems were reported; this method would cause inflammation, perforation, or inaccurate marking by washout and spreading of the ink [5], [6], [17], [18]. Although safety-related issues can be resolved by using the indocyanine green ink instead of India ink [19], this method using indocyanine green has not resolved the inaccurate marking issue by ink spreading [5].…”

“…As IT technologies advance rapidly, several types of LLSs combining with various IT technologies have been proposed to overcome the drawbacks of ink-based LLSs. It was proposed to use an endoscopic clip attached with a radio frequency identification (RFID) tag as a marker [6], [12], [13]. The antenna in the corresponding LP supplies power to the tag in the organ while the LP detects the signal strength transmitted from the tag.…”

“…The tag and the antenna are small enough to use a commercial endoscopic-clip applier and a 10-mm laparoscopy trocar port. For example, the RFID tag in [6] has a radius of 2.23 mm and a thickness of 9 mm, and it was attached to the lesion with an endoscopic clip as a maker. And an antenna with a radius of 9 mm was used for localization [6].…”

“…For example, the RFID tag in [6] has a radius of 2.23 mm and a thickness of 9 mm, and it was attached to the lesion with an endoscopic clip as a maker. And an antenna with a radius of 9 mm was used for localization [6]. However, these LLSs have a limited detection range due to the small size of antennas.…”