Performance of Commercially Available Serological Screening Tests for Human T-Cell Lymphotropic Virus Infection in Brazil

Brito, Vanessa Da Silva; Santos, Fred Luciano Neves; Gonçalves, Noilson Lázaro; Araújo, Théssika Hialla Almeida; Nascimento, Davi Silva Vale; Pereira, Felicidade Mota; Boa-Sorte, Ney; Grassi, Maria Fernanda Rios; Caterino–de–Araujo, Adele; Galvão–Castro, Bernardo

doi:10.1128/jcm.00961-18

Cited by 41 publications

(42 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…Briefly, the samples from São Paulo were collected between 2012 and 2016 in the course of previous studies designed to detect the prevalence of HTLV-1/2 in HIV-infected individuals as well as in patients with hepatitis B virus (HBV) or hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection in the state of São Paulo, Brazil (14,15,(18)(19)(20). The samples from Salvador, Bahia, were obtained by routine diagnostic procedures at an outpatient clinic in Salvador (CHTLV) from 2015 to 2017; these samples were additionally used to assess the performances of four commercially available HTLV serological screening tests in Brazil (21). Table 1 lists the characteristics of the samples collected from these two biorepositories (number of samples per sex and age) as well as HTLV-1/2 screening results and confirmatory WB assay results (HTLV Blot 2.4; MP Biomedicals).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Line Immunoassay for Confirmation and Discrimination of Human T-Cell Lymphotropic Virus Infections in Inconclusive Western Blot Serum Samples from Brazil

et al. 2019

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Difficulties in confirming and discriminating human T-cell lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1) and HTLV-2 infections by serological Western blot (WB) assays (HTLV Blot 2.4; MP Biomedicals) have been reported in Brazil, mainly in HIV/AIDS patients, with a large number of WB-indeterminate and WB-positive but HTLV-untypeable results. Nonetheless, a line immunoassay (LIA) (INNO-LIA HTLV-I/II; Fujirebio) provided enhanced specificity and sensitivity for confirming HTLV-1/2 infections. To add information concerning the improved ability of the LIA in relation to WB when applied to samples of individuals from different risk groups from Brazil, we performed the present study. Three groups were analyzed: group 1 (G1), with 62 samples from HIV/AIDS patients from São Paulo, SP (48 WB indeterminate and 14 HTLV untypeable); group 2 (G2), with 24 samples from patients with hepatitis B or hepatitis C from São Paulo (21 WB indeterminate and 3 HTLV untypeable; 17 HIV seropositive); and group 3 (G3), with 25 samples from an HTLV outpatient clinic in Salvador, Bahia (16 WB indeterminate and 9 HTLV untypeable; all HIV seronegative). Overall, the LIA confirmed HTLV-1/2 infection (HTLV-1, HTLV-2, or HTLV) in 66.1% (G1), 83.3% (G2), and 76.0% (G3) of samples. Interestingly, the majority of WB-indeterminate results were confirmed by the LIA as being HTLV-2 positive in G1 and G2 but not in G3, in which the samples were defined as being HTLV-1 or HTLV positive. These results agree with the virus types that circulate in such patients of different regions in Brazil and emphasize that the LIA is the best serological test for confirming HTLV-1 and HTLV-2 infections, independently of being applied in HTLV-monoinfected or HTLV-coinfected individuals.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Line Immunoassay for Confirmation and Discrimination of Human T-Cell Lymphotropic Virus Infections in Inconclusive Western Blot Serum Samples from Brazil

et al. 2019

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“…However, LIA is time-consuming and has an elevated cost [ 27 ], and WB shows a prevalence of indeterminate results as high as 67% of cases [ 28 ], particularly in HTLV-2 carriers [ 26 , 29 , 30 , 31 ] and HIV/HTLV-coinfected individuals [ 27 , 32 ]. To overcome this issue, it was proposed to initially test blood samples with molecular assays, which display higher specificity, and negative samples might be further tested by WB or LIA, thus improving the cost-effectiveness of HTLV-1/2 infection diagnosis [ 25 , 33 , 34 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification (LAMP) Assay for Rapid and Accurate Confirmatory Diagnosis of HTLV-1/2 Infection

Gomes

Caterino–de–Araujo

Campos

et al. 2020

Viruses

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Laboratory diagnosis of human T-lymphotropic viruses (HTLV) 1 and 2 infection is performed by serological screening and further confirmation with serological or molecular assays. Thus, we developed a loop-mediated isothermal nucleic acid amplification (LAMP) assay for the detection of HTLV-1/2 in blood samples. The sensitivity and accuracy of HTLV-1/2 LAMP were defined with DNA samples from individuals infected with HTLV-1 (n = 125), HTLV-2 (n = 19), and coinfected with HIV (n = 82), and compared with real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) and PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP). The overall accuracy of HTLV-1/2 LAMP (95% CI 74.8–85.5%) was slightly superior to qPCR (95% CI 69.5–81.1%) and similar to PCR-RFLP (95% CI 79.5–89.3%). The sensitivity of LAMP was greater for HTLV-1 (95% CI 83.2–93.4%) than for HTLV-2 (95% CI 43.2–70.8%). This was also observed in qPCR and PCR-RFLP, which was associated with the commonly lower HTLV-2 proviral load. All molecular assays tested showed better results with samples from HTLV-1/2 mono-infected individuals compared with HIV-coinfected patients, who present lower CD4 T-cell counts. In conclusion, HTLV-1/2 LAMP had similar to superior performance than PCR-based assays, and therefore may represent an attractive alternative for HTLV-1/2 diagnosis due to reduced working time and costs, and the simple infrastructure needed.

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“…Nonetheless, both tests offer similarly high sensitivity and specificity. Recent studies evaluating the performance of these methods indicate improved accuracy using chemiluminescence, both in HTLV [ 32 ] and HCV serology [ 33 ], i.e. both can be effectively used for serological screening in the laboratory diagnosis of HTLV and HCV.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Distribution of Human T-Lymphotropic Virus (HTLV) and Hepatitis C Co-infection in Bahia, Brazil

et al. 2020

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Both Human T-lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) are endemic in Brazil. In Salvador, the capital of the state of Bahia, 2% and 1.5% of the general population is infected with HTLV-1 or HCV. This study aimed to estimate the prevalence and the distribution of HTLV/HCV coinfection in Bahia. This cross-sectional study was conducted at the Central Laboratory of Public Health for the state of Bahia (LACEN-BA). All samples in the LACEN database submitted to serological testing for anti-HCV (chemiluminescence) and anti-HTLV-1/2 (chemiluminescence/ELISA and Western blot) from 2004 to 2013 were included. Infection rate was expressed as the number of infected individuals per 100,000 inhabitants in a given municipality; municipalities were grouped by microregion for further analysis. A total of 120,192 samples originating from 358 of the 417 municipalities in Bahia (85.8%) were evaluated. The overall HCV coinfection rate in HTLV-positive was 14.31% [2.8 (ranging from 0.4 to 8.0) per 100,000 inhabitants.] Twenty-one (5%) of the municipalities reported at least one case of HTLV/HCV coinfection. Most cases (87%) were concentrated in three microregions (Salvador: 79%, Ilhé us/Itabuna: 5%, Porto Seguro: 3%). Coinfection occurred more frequently in males (51%) with a mean age of 59 [(IQR): 46-59] years. HTLV/HCV coinfection in the state of Bahia was more frequently found among males living in the microregions of Salvador, Ilhé us/Itabuna and Porto Seguro, all of which are known to be endemic for HTLV infection.

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Performance of Commercially Available Serological Screening Tests for Human T-Cell Lymphotropic Virus Infection in Brazil

Cited by 41 publications

References 46 publications

Line Immunoassay for Confirmation and Discrimination of Human T-Cell Lymphotropic Virus Infections in Inconclusive Western Blot Serum Samples from Brazil

Line Immunoassay for Confirmation and Discrimination of Human T-Cell Lymphotropic Virus Infections in Inconclusive Western Blot Serum Samples from Brazil

Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification (LAMP) Assay for Rapid and Accurate Confirmatory Diagnosis of HTLV-1/2 Infection

Distribution of Human T-Lymphotropic Virus (HTLV) and Hepatitis C Co-infection in Bahia, Brazil

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