Immunotherapy for Prostate Cancer

Venturini, Nicholas J.; Drake, Charles G.

doi:10.1101/cshperspect.a030627

Cited by 44 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 52 publications

(47 reference statements)

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“…117 Immunotherapies used to treat PC primarily comprise either passive or active immunotherapy. 120 The former includes the immune check-point blockades and specific monoclonal antibodies. The latter is a tumorspecific antigen vaccination.…”

Section: Pc Inhibitorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Check-point blockade immunotherapy includes cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated antigen-4 receptor blockades, such as ipilimumab, and PD-1-receptor blockades, such as nivolumab, atezolizumab, and pembrolizumab. 120 Immunotherapeutic agents are combined with SARMs or other inhibitors and are currently in clinical trials. 121 PC vaccinations, including sipuleucel-T, DC-VAC/PCa, Prost-vac-VF, are also in trials.…”

Section: Pc Inhibitorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Comparison of the roles of estrogens and androgens in breast cancer and prostate cancer

Liu

Zhao

Zhang

et al. 2019

J of Cellular Biochemistry

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Breast cancer (BC) and prostate cancer (PC) are the second most common malignant tumors in women and men in western countries, respectively. The risks of death are 14% for BC and 9% for PC. Abnormal estrogen and androgen levels are related to carcinogenesis of the breast and prostate. Estradiol stimulates cancer development in BC. The effect of estrogen on PC is concentration‐dependent, and estrogen can regulate androgen production, further affecting PC. Estrogen can also increase the risk of androgen‐induced PC. Androgen has dual effects on BC via different metabolic pathways, and the role of the androgen receptor (AR) in BC also depends on cell subtype and downstream target genes. Androgen and AR can stimulate both primary PC and castration‐resistant PC. Understanding the mechanisms of the effects of estrogen and androgen on BC and PC may help us to improve curative BC and PC treatment strategies.

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Section: Pc Inhibitorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Pc Inhibitorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of the roles of estrogens and androgens in breast cancer and prostate cancer

Liu

Zhao

Zhang

et al. 2019

J of Cellular Biochemistry

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“…We agree that SBRT is now an integral part of definitive care in lung, liver, prostate, and pancreatic cancer . We also remind our colleagues that there are presently no indications for immunotherapy in prostate and pancreatic cancer, suggesting that SBRT acts independently of immune responses …”

Section: Rebuttalmentioning

confidence: 61%

Three discipline collaborative radiation therapy (3DCRT) special debate: The single most important factor in determining the future of SBRT is immune response

Grassberger

Huber

Jacob

et al. 2019

J Applied Clin Med Phys

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Three discipline collaborative radiation therapy (3DCRT) special debate: The single most important factor in determining the future of SBRT is immune response RAD IATION THERAPY (3DCRT) DEBATE SERIESRadiation Oncology is a highly multidisciplinary medical specialty, drawing significantly from three scientific disciplinesmedicine, physics, and biology. As a result, discussion of controversies or changes in practice within radiation oncology involves input from all three disciplines. For this reason, significant effort has been expended recently to foster collaborative multidisciplinary research in radiation oncology, with substantial demonstrated benefit. 1,2 In light of these results, we endeavor here to adopt this "team-science" approach to the traditional debates featured in this journal. This article is part of a series of special debates entitled "Three Discipline Collaborative Radiation Therapy (3DCRT)" in which each debate team will include a radiation oncologist, medical physicist, and radiobiologist. We hope that this format will not only be engaging for the readership but will also foster further collaboration in the science and clinical practice of radiation oncology.

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“…However, most patients become treatment‐resistant within a few years . Furthermore, immunotherapies have shown little efficacy in prostate cancer until today . There is an urgent need to develop novel therapies for treatment‐resistant prostate cancer.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…There are limited treatment options for metastatic treatment‐resistant prostate cancer patients and existing immunotherapies have shown little efficacy in prostate cancer . However, targeting the immunosuppressive environment in prostate cancer may improve treatment outcomes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The STAT3 inhibitor galiellalactone inhibits the generation of MDSC‐like monocytes by prostate cancer cells and decreases immunosuppressive and tumorigenic factors

et al. 2019

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Background The transcription factor signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) is implicated in cancer drug resistance, metastasis, and immunosuppression and has been identified as a promising therapeutic target for new anticancer drugs. Myeloid‐derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) play a major role in the suppression of antitumor immunity and STAT3 is involved in the accumulation, generation, and function of MDSCs. Thus, targeting STAT3 holds the potential of reversing immunosuppression in cancer. This study aims to investigate the effect of the small molecule STAT3 inhibitor galiellalactone on prostate cancer cell– induced generation of MDSCs from monocytes and the effect on immunosuppressive factors and inflammatory cytokines. Methods Primary human monocytes were cocultured with prostate cancer cells (DU145, PC3, and LNCaP‐IL6) or with conditioned medium (CM) from prostate cancer cells in the presence or absence of the STAT3 inhibitor galiellalactone. Monocytes were analyzed by flow cytometry for an MDSC‐like phenotype (CD14+ HLA‐DR−/lo). The secretion and gene expression of immunosuppressive factors and inflammatory cytokines from prostate cancer cells and monocytes were investigated. Results Galiellalactone blocked the prostate cancer cell–induced generation of MDSC‐like monocytes with an immunosuppressive phenotype ex vivo. Monocytes cultured with CM from prostate cancer cells showed increased expression of phosphorylated STAT3. Prostate cancer cells increased the expression of interleukin1β (IL1β), IL10, and IL6 in monocytes which was inhibited by galiellalactone. In addition, galiellalactone decreased indoleamine 2,3‐dioxygenase gene expression in monocytes. Galiellalactone reduced the levels of IL8 and granulocyte macrophage‐colony stimulating factor in prostate cancer cells per se. Conclusion The STAT3 inhibitor galiellalactone may prevent the prostate cancer cell–induced generation of MDSCs and reverse the immunosuppressive mechanisms caused by the interplay between prostate cancer cells and MDSCs. This is a potential new immunotherapeutic approach for the treatment of prostate cancer.

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Immunotherapy for Prostate Cancer

Cited by 44 publications

References 52 publications

Comparison of the roles of estrogens and androgens in breast cancer and prostate cancer

Comparison of the roles of estrogens and androgens in breast cancer and prostate cancer

Three discipline collaborative radiation therapy (3DCRT) special debate: The single most important factor in determining the future of SBRT is immune response

The STAT3 inhibitor galiellalactone inhibits the generation of MDSC‐like monocytes by prostate cancer cells and decreases immunosuppressive and tumorigenic factors

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